Towards Sustainable Water Quality: Management of Rainwater Harvesting Cisterns in Southern Palestine
Towards Sustainable Water Quality: Management of Rainwater Harvesting Cisterns in Southern Palestine
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DOI：
10.1007/s11269-010-9771-0
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发表时间：
2011-04-01
影响因子：
4.3
通讯作者：
Arafat, Hassan A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Al-Salaymeh, Adel;Al-Khatib, Issam A.;Arafat, Hassan A.
需要对巴勒斯坦南部的雨水收集进行环境管理，以减少对有限蓄水层中不断增加的淡水需求，并减少对饮用收集的雨水的人的不利健康影响。对淡水的需求不断增加，这就要求提高蓄水池所有者的意识，以解决造成雨水污染的管理不善问题。在这项研究中，100个cisabacteria取样和测试的理化和微生物学参数。除浊度、钙和镁外，大多数检测的理化参数均在WHO和巴勒斯坦标准的可接受限度内，其中分别有24%、47%和32%的样本不合格。收集的雨水的pH值范围为7.32至8.97，平均值为8.16。硝酸盐分析结果范围为1.5 - 7.0 mg/L，平均值为4.2 mg/L。发现水箱中总大肠菌群（TC）和粪便大肠菌群（FC）污染的比例很高，分别为95%和57%，导致水箱水不能用于饮用。78%的样品有严重的污染程度，水需要絮凝，沉淀，然后氯化，成为适合饮用。另一方面，根据FC数据，没有FC测试样本是“高风险”，但其中57%被归类为“简单”至“中等风险”，43%为“无风险”。一个蓄水池所有者的调查被用来揭示这种污染背后的根源。建议采取不同的补救措施，如清洁蓄水池和雨水收集表面，以及丢弃第一季雨水，以提高和保护蓄水池的水质。
Environmental management of rainwater harvesting in southern Palestine is required to reduce the continuously increasing demand for fresh water from limited water aquifers and to reduce the adverse health impact on the people drinking harvested rainwater. This continuously increasing demand for fresh water requires the enhancement of environmental conditions surrounding the cistern owners' awareness to tackle the mismanagement that contributed to rainwater contamination. In this study, 100 cisterns were sampled and tested for physiochemical and microbiological parameters. Most of the tested physiochemical parameters were within the acceptable limits of WHO and Palestinian standards except turbidity, calcium and magnesium where 24%, 47% and 32% of the samples were non-conforming, respectively. The pH values of the collected rainwater ranged from 7.32 to 8.97 with a mean value of 8.16. The nitrate analysis results range from 1.5 to 7.0 mg/L, with a mean value of 4.2 mg/L. High percentage of cisterns were found to be contaminated with total Coliforms (TC) and faecal Coliforms (FC) with percentages of 95% and 57%, respectively, rendering the cistern water unacceptable for drinking purposes. 78% of samples had a severe degree of contamination for which water needs flocculation, sedimentation then chlorination to become suitable for drinking. On the other hand, based on FC data, none of the tested samples for FC was a "high risk", but 57% of them were categorized with "simple" to "moderate risk" and 43% were "no risk" cisterns. A cistern owner's survey was utilized to reveal the roots behind this contamination. Different remediation measures, such as cleaning cisterns and rainwater collection surfaces and discarding water from the first season storm, were recommended to enhance and protect the cistern water quality.