Heterogeneous bipolar membranes and their application in electrodialysis
Heterogeneous bipolar membranes and their application in electrodialysis
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DOI：
10.1016/j.desal.2013.11.043
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发表时间：
2014-06
期刊：
影响因子：
9.9
通讯作者：
V. Zabolotskii;Nicolay Sheldeshov;S. Melnikov
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
V. Zabolotskii;Nicolay Sheldeshov;S. Melnikov
在过去的50年里，离子交换膜已经从一个实验室工具演变成具有重大技术和商业影响的工业产品。双极膜(BPM)由于能够从相应的盐中产生酸和碱，在其中占有特殊的地位。这些特性使得设计一些独特的电膜过程成为可能，这些过程具有巨大的工业影响。这些过程包括酸和碱的合成，酸性和碱性气体吸附剂和离子交换树脂的电化学再生，天然水和果汁的蛋白质分离和pH校正。确定有效应用BPM的可能性的主要特征是跨膜的总电势降和水解离电流效率。这两个参数彼此密切相关，并由单极层的物理和化学结构以及位于双极区的水解离反应催化剂的性质决定。在这篇特别的文章中，讨论了非均相双极膜的电化学性质、研究方法以及描述水解离的各种理论。对俄罗斯工业用非均相双极膜与国外各种商用和实验用双极膜进行了比较。此外，还介绍了为应用非均相双极膜而开发的一些新的电膜工艺及其主要特点。
Over the last 50 years, ion exchange membranes have evolved from a laboratory tool to industrial products with significant technical and commercial impacts. Bipolar membranes (BPMs), as a result of their ability to produce acid and alkali from corresponding salt, occupy a special place among them. These properties make it possible to design a number of unique electromembrane processes which have huge industrial impact. These processes include acid and base syntheses, electrochemical regeneration of acidic and basic gas sorbents and ion-exchange resins, protein separation and pH correction of natural waters and juices. The main characteristics that define the possibility of effective BPM application are total potential drop across the membrane and water dissociation current efficiency. These two parameters are closely related to each other and determined by the physical and chemical structures of monopolar layers and the nature of the water dissociation reaction catalyst located in the bipolar region. In this particular article the electrochemical properties of heterogeneous bipolar membranes, methods for investigating them and various theories developed to describe water dissociation are discussed. Comparison between Russian industrial heterogeneous bipolar membranes and various commercial and experimental foreign bipolar membranes is made. In addition, some novel electromembrane processes developed for application of heterogeneous bipolar membranes and their main characteristics are presented.