Toxicity assessment of TiO2 nanoparticles in zebrafish embryos under different exposure conditions
Toxicity assessment of TiO2 nanoparticles in zebrafish embryos under different exposure conditions
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DOI：
10.1016/j.aquatox.2013.12.024
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发表时间：
2014-02-01
影响因子：
4.5
通讯作者：
Fraceto, L. F.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Clemente, Z.;Castro, V. L. S. S.;Fraceto, L. F.
TiO 2纳米颗粒（nano-TiO 2）的普及在于其广泛的纳米技术应用，以及低毒性。与此同时，最近的研究表明，这种材料的光催化性能可能会导致其在环境中的行为发生变化，从而导致尚未完全阐明的影响。本研究的目的是评估两种配方的纳米二氧化钛在不同的光照条件下的毒性，使用的实验模型与替代动物实验的三个R（减少，细化，和替换）的原则一致。斑马鱼胚胎96小时暴露于不同浓度的纳米TiO 2的形式的金红石（TA）或金红石/金红石混合物（TM），在可见光或可见光和紫外光（UV）的组合。评价的急性毒性和亚致死参数包括幼虫的存活率、畸形、孵化、平衡和全长，以及生物化学生物标志物（过氧化氢酶（CAT）、谷胱甘肽S-转移酶（GST）和酸性磷酸酶（AP）的比活性）。TA和TM都能加速幼虫的孵化。在紫外线照射下，与暴露于TA的组相比，暴露于TM的组的幼虫死亡率更高。紫外线照射下暴露于TM改变了幼虫的平衡。CAT和GST活性的改变表明氧化应激，但未观察到明确的剂量-反应关系。纳米二氧化钛的效果似乎取决于配方的类型和光照条件。这些发现有助于阐明这些纳米颗粒的毒性所涉及的因素，以及建立纳米技术的风险评估协议。(C)2013爱思唯尔有限公司版权所有。
The popularity of TiO2 nanoparticles (nano-TiO2) lies in their wide range of nanotechnological applications, together with low toxicity. Meanwhile, recent studies have shown that the photocatalytic properties of this material can result in alterations in their behavior in the environment, causing effects that have not yet been fully elucidated. The objective of this study was to evaluate the toxicity of two formulations of nano-TiO2 under different illumination conditions, using an experimental model coherent with the principle of the three Rs of alternative animal experimentation (reduction, refinement, and replacement). Embryos of the fish Danio rerio were exposed for 96 h to different concentrations of nano-TiO2 in the form of anatase (TA) or an anatase/rutile mixture (TM), under either visible light or a combination of visible and ultraviolet light (UV). The acute toxicity and sublethal parameters evaluated included survival rates, malformation, hatching, equilibrium, and overall length of the larvae, together with biochemical biomarkers (specific activities of catalase (CAT), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and acid phosphatase (AP)). Both TA and TM caused accelerated hatching of the larvae. Under UV irradiation, there was greater mortality of the larvae of the groups exposed to TM, compared to those exposed to TA. Exposure to TM under UV irradiation altered the equilibrium of the larvae. Alterations in the activities of CAT and GST were indicative of oxidative stress, although no clear dose-response relationship was observed. The effects of nano-TiO2 appeared to depend on both the type of formulation and the illumination condition. The findings contribute to elucidation of the factors involved in the toxicity of these nanoparticles, as well as to the establishment of protocols for risk assessments of nanotechnology. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.