Fish Matters: Importance of Aquatic Foods in Human Nutrition and Global Food Supply
Fish Matters: Importance of Aquatic Foods in Human Nutrition and Global Food Supply
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DOI：
10.1080/10641262.2012.753405
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发表时间：
2013-01-01
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Metian, Marc
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Tacon, Albert G. J.;Metian, Marc
在全球近30%的人口营养不良、70%以上的地球被水覆盖的今天，水产食品是全球食品篮子中的重要组成部分，可以改善所有人的营养、健康和福祉。日本、韩国、这个国家是世界上预期寿命最长、肥胖率和心脏病死亡率最低的国家之一，中国也是世界上捕获和养殖的水生动物食品和水生植物的最大消费国之一。根据粮农组织的数据，2009年，捕获和养殖的水产动物食品占全球人口动物蛋白摄入量的16.6%，为30多亿人提供了近20%的人均动物蛋白摄入量，为43亿人提供了至少15%的此类蛋白质。本文综述了不同养殖和捕捞水产品的营养成分，并与传统的陆地肉类产品进行了比较。除了水生动物食品的上级营养特征和益处外，小型海洋中上层鱼类在穷人的营养方面发挥着重要作用，因为它是负担得起和急需的高质量动物蛋白质和必需氨基酸、ω-3脂肪酸、维生素、矿物质和微量元素的来源。从营养角度来看，小型中上层鱼类是最好的水生动物食品之一，应鼓励和促进直接消费，而不是继续有针对性地使用这些鱼类，将其加工成鱼粉和鱼油用于动物饲料。
In a world where nearly 30% of humanity is suffering from malnutrition and over 70% of the planet is covered with water, aquatic foods represent an essential component of the global food basket to improve the nutrition, health, and well being of all peoples.It is not by chance that Japan, the country with one of the world's highest reported life expectancies and lowest incidences of obesity and deaths from heart related illnesses, is also one of the world's top consumers of captured and farmed aquatic animal food products and aquatic plants. According to the FAO, in 2009, total captured and farmed aquatic animal food products accounted for 16.6% of the global population's intake of animal protein, providing more than three billion people with almost 20% of their average per capita intake of animal protein, and 4.3 billion people with at least 15% of such protein. This article reviews the nutritional composition of different farmed and captured aquatic food products and compares these with conventional terrestrial meat products. In addition to the superior nutritional profile and benefits of aquatic animal food products, small-sized marine pelagic fish play an important role in the nutrition of the poor as an affordable and much needed source of high quality animal protein and essential amino acids, omega-3 fatty acids, vitamins, minerals, and trace elements. As one of the best aquatic animal foods from a nutritional perspective, the direct consumption of small pelagic fish should be encouraged and promoted, as apposed to the continued targeted use of these species for reduction into fishmeal and fish oil for use in animal feeds.