The Evolution of KAOS, a Multipurpose Active Optics System for EUV/Soft X-rays
The Evolution of KAOS, a Multipurpose Active Optics System for EUV/Soft X-rays
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EUV/软 X 射线多用途主动光学系统 KAOS 的演变
DOI：
10.1080/08940886.2022.2066432
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发表时间：
2022
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
M. Zangrando
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. Manfredda;C. Fava;S. Gerusina;R. Gobessi;N. Mahne;L. Raimondi;A. Simoncig;M. Zangrando
KAOS，Kirkpatrick-Baez主动光学系统，是FERMI的旗舰光学系统，FERMI是世界上第一个也是目前唯一一个完全播种的自由电子激光设施。KAOS完全是内部开发的，经过逐步修订和升级，目前它为FERMI的六条光束线中的三条（DiProI，LDM，MagneDyn）提供动力。它还为汉堡FLASH的两条光束线（FL 23和FL 24）提供服务。虽然它是基于柯克帕特里克-贝兹（KB）镜子的成熟概念，但它所解决的挑战和需求最终产生了一个具有独特功能的独特系统。它的成功是简单而干净的机械设计加上安装在实验终端站下游的串联哈特曼波前传感器的综合使用的结果。波前传感证明是在开发初期评估混沌观测系统聚焦能力的一个宝贵工具。它现在已经克服了这一初始任务，用于优化曲率以满足过多的需求，例如最大限度地减少像差，整形光束，适应变化的源位置，并为用户提供额外的诊断。最终，混沌已经成长起来，并感谢，波前传感;如果混沌是一辆跑车，波前传感将是飞行员。本文旨在讲述KAOS是如何诞生和成长的，并将展示波前传感如何使其发挥最佳作用。
Introduction KAOS, the Kirkpatrick-Baez Active Optical System, is the flagship optical system of FERMI, the first—and presently only—fully seeded Free Electron Laser facility in the world. KAOS has been entirely developed in-house and, after progressive revisions and upgrades, it presently empowers three out of six beamlines at FERMI (DiProI, LDM, MagneDyn). It also serves two beamlines at FLASH, Hamburg (FL23 and FL24). Although it is grounded on the well-established concept of Kirkpatrick-Baez (KB) mirrors, the challenges it addressed and the needs it was built for ultimately produced a unique system with unique features. Its success over time is the result of a simple and clean mechanical design coupled with the consolidated use of in-series Hartmann wavefront sensors, mounted downstream of the experimental end-stations. Wavefront sensing proved itself a valuable tool to assess the focusing capabilities of KAOS at the early stage of development. It has now overcome this initial duty, becoming used for the optimization of the curvature to face a plethora of needs, such as minimizing aberrations, shaping the beam, accommodating a varying source position, and providing extra diagnostics to the users. Ultimately, KAOS has grown up around, and thanks to, wavefront sensing; if KAOS were a sports car, wavefront sensing would be the pilot. This article aims to tell how KAOS was born and grew up, and will show how wavefront sensing made it work for the best.