Control of the Correlation of Spontaneous Neuron Activity in Biological and Noise-activated CMOS Artificial Neural Microcircuits
Control of the Correlation of Spontaneous Neuron Activity in Biological and Noise-activated CMOS Artificial Neural Microcircuits
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发表时间：
2017-02
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通讯作者：
Ramin M. Hasani;G. Ferrari;Hideaki Yamamoto;Sho Kono;Koji Ishihara;Soya Fujimori;T. Tanii;E. Prati
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作者：
Ramin M. Hasani;G. Ferrari;Hideaki Yamamoto;Sho Kono;Koji Ishihara;Soya Fujimori;T. Tanii;E. Prati
有几个迹象表明，大脑的组织并不是基于单个不可靠的神经元，而是在一个微电路规模上，提供用于创建复杂结构的乐高积木。在这样的中间尺度上，微电路中的放电活动受引发自发放电的背景噪声、神经元之间相互连接的程度以及连接的拓扑结构所产生的集体效应的支配。我们将附着在工程支架上的小群神经元的自发放电活动与生物上看似合理的cmos人工神经元群的模拟进行了比较，这些人工神经元群的自发活动是由定制的背景噪声点燃的。我们提供一整套灵活和低功耗的硅块，包括神经元、兴奋性和抑制性突触，以及用于自发放电激活的白色和粉色噪声发生器。我们通过控制硅神经元之间连接的种类和数量，实现了生物神经元放电活动的可比较程度的相关性。通过将多个突触添加到连接中，而不是增加独立的点到点连接的数量，可以更有效地触发神经元组之间的关联，这些关联由四个不同的群体组成，由等效的中间神经元连接组成。生物系统和人工系统之间的比较表明，在附着在工程支架上的生物种群中，相当数量的突触也是活跃的。
There are several indications that brain is organized not on a basis of individual unreliable neurons, but on a micro-circuital scale providing Lego blocks employed to create complex architectures. At such an intermediate scale, the firing activity in the microcircuits is governed by collective effects emerging by the background noise soliciting spontaneous firing, the degree of mutual connections between the neurons, and the topology of the connections. We compare spontaneous firing activity of small populations of neurons adhering to an engineered scaffold with simulations of biologically plausible CMOS artificial neuron populations whose spontaneous activity is ignited by tailored background noise. We provide a full set of flexible and low-power consuming silicon blocks including neurons, excitatory and inhibitory synapses, and both white and pink noise generators for spontaneous firing activation. We achieve a comparable degree of correlation of the firing activity of the biological neurons by controlling the kind and the number of connection among the silicon neurons. The correlation between groups of neurons, organized as a ring of four distinct populations connected by the equivalent of interneurons, is triggered more effectively by adding multiple synapses to the connections than increasing the number of independent point-to-point connections. The comparison between the biological and the artificial systems suggests that a considerable number of synapses is active also in biological populations adhering to engineered scaffolds.