Knowledge of Bovine Tuberculosis, Cattle Husbandry and Dairy Practices amongst Pastoralists and Small-Scale Dairy Farmers in Cameroon.
Knowledge of Bovine Tuberculosis, Cattle Husbandry and Dairy Practices amongst Pastoralists and Small-Scale Dairy Farmers in Cameroon.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0146538
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发表时间：
2016
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Bronsvoort BM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kelly RF;Hamman SM;Morgan KL;Nkongho EF;Ngwa VN;Tanya V;Andu WN;Sander M;Ndip L;Handel IG;Mazeri S;Muwonge A;Bronsvoort BM
牛结核病(BTB)和人畜共患结核病(ZTB)的控制依赖于对受感染牛的监测和屠宰、牛奶巴氏杀菌和公共卫生教育。在喀麦隆，与许多其他撒哈拉以南非洲国家一样，对当前的养牛业或牛奶加工做法的了解有限，或牲畜饲养者对牛结核病的认识有限。本文描述了喀麦隆不同养牛社区的畜牧业和牛奶加工做法，以及与其他传染病相比对牛结核病的认识。使用基于人口的牧民横断面样本和问卷从喀麦隆西北地区和维纳省的牧民和奶农那里收集数据。牧民主要是男性富拉尼人，他们饲养牛已有十多年。奶农不是富拉尼人，近一半是女性。牧民们与他们的牛进行了转牧，并接触到了其他牛群和潜在的btb野生动物水库。奶农把牛关在家里，很少与其他牛群或野生动物接触。牧民意识到了牛结核病和其他传染病，如口蹄疫和肝片吸虫病。这些牧民也能够识别出这些疾病的临床症状。有类似比例的奶农知道结核病，但更少的人知道口蹄疫和肝片吸虫病。总体而言，奶农无法识别这些疾病的任何临床症状。重要的是，大多数牧民和奶农没有意识到，牛结核病可以通过食用牛奶传染给人。目前的畜牧业做法使控制牛群中的牛结核病具有挑战性，特别是在流动的牧群中。奶牛群的常规检测和屠宰控制将是容易处理的，但将对奶农的生计产生深远影响。预防牛奶传播为喀麦隆减少人类风险提供了最佳方法，但需要采取战略，提高生产者和消费者的风险意识。
Control of bovine tuberculosis (bTB) and zoonotic tuberculosis (zTB) has relied upon surveillance and slaughter of infected cattle, milk pasteurisation and public health education. In Cameroon, like many other sub-Saharan African countries, there is limited understanding of current cattle husbandry or milk processing practices or livestock keepers awareness of bTB. This paper describes husbandry and milk processing practices within different Cameroonian cattle keeping communities and bTB awareness in comparison to other infectious diseases. A population based cross-sectional sample of herdsmen and a questionnaire were used to gather data from pastoralists and dairy farmers in the North West Region and Vina Division of Cameroon. Pastoralists were predominately male Fulanis who had kept cattle for over a decade. Dairy farmers were non-Fulani and nearly half were female. Pastoralists went on transhumance with their cattle and came into contact with other herds and potential wildlife reservoirs of bTB. Dairy farmers housed their cattle and had little contact with other herds or wildlife. Pastoralists were aware of bTB and other infectious diseases such as foot-and-mouth disease and fasciolosis. These pastoralists were also able to identify clinical signs of these diseases. A similar proportion of dairy farmers were aware of bTB but fewer were aware of foot-and-mouth and fasciolosis. In general, dairy farmers were unable to identify any clinical signs for any of these diseases. Importantly most pastoralists and dairy farmers were unaware that bTB could be transmitted to people by consuming milk. Current cattle husbandry practices make the control of bTB in cattle challenging especially in mobile pastoralist herds. Routine test and slaughter control in dairy herds would be tractable but would have profound impact on dairy farmer livelihoods. Prevention of transmission in milk offers the best approach for human risk mitigation in Cameroon but requires strategies that improved risk awareness amongst producers and consumers.