Democracy and the Market
Democracy and the Market
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民主与市场
DOI：
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发表时间：
1991
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
T. Qualter
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
T. Qualter
从工具的角度来看，自由民主的关键是某种投票制度。民主和选举竞争几乎被视为同义词，而政党间的竞争在定义上至关重要。自由选举不仅仅是民主的先决条件，它本身就是民主，因此，当专制政权引入多党选举时，可以说是“民主化”了。表面上非意识形态，工具主义者只关注选举过程的机制。从这一理解来看，自由民主与其说是关于治理，不如说是关于州长的选择，这种选择的机制显然是至关重要的。“自由”选举的条件可能超出可供选择的范围，或前一章所述的程序问题，包括行使该选择的后果（即，反对执政党的投票是否可能引起秘密警察的注意？[1]因此，大量的“应用”研究开始从选举竞争和选举策略的角度来解释民主。
From the instrumental point of view, the key to liberal democracy is some system of voting. Democracy and electoral competition are regarded as virtually synonymous, with interparty competition being definitionally vital. Free elections are more than just a prerequisite of democracy, they are democracy, so that authoritarian regimes may be said to be ‘democratised’ when they introduce multi-party elections. Ostensibly non-ideological, the instrumentalists focus exclusively on the machinery of the election process. As from this understanding, liberal democracy is less about governing than about the selection of governors, the mechanics of that selection are clearly critical. The conditions for ‘free’ elections may extend beyond the range of choices available, or the procedural matters described in the previous chapter, to include the consequences of exercising that choice (i.e., would a vote against the party in power be likely to attract the attention of the secret police?).1 Scores of ‘applied’ studies therefore set out to explain democracy in terms of an electoral contest and a strategy of campaigning.2