Immunization against pertussis in adolescents and adults
Immunization against pertussis in adolescents and adults
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DOI：
10.1016/j.cmi.2016.01.003
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发表时间：
2016-12-01
影响因子：
14.2
通讯作者：
Principi, N.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Esposito, S.;Principi, N.
百日咳是一种由百日咳杆菌引起的高度接触性传染病，可能非常严重，特别是在幼儿中。多年来，全世界卫生当局预防百日咳的努力的主要目标是降低婴儿和5岁以下儿童的发病率，在学校期间保持几年的保护-年龄段和发展显着的群体免疫力，以直接和间接降低疾病在幼儿中传播的风险和从学龄前传播感染的风险从孩子到婴儿。然而，增加的风险B。由于疫苗和自然感染引起的对这种细菌的免疫力减弱，青少年和成人中的百日咳感染似乎是百日咳死灰复燃的主要原因。我们讨论了对以前不推荐接种百日咳疫苗的人接种百日咳疫苗的原因，接种额外百日咳疫苗剂量的预期结果以及不同国家接种百日咳疫苗的差异。对文献的分析显示，有几份报告表明，需要修改百日咳免疫接种计划，在青少年中加强接种，并需要为孕妇接种疫苗。然而，为了监测百日咳的真正流行病学，应紧急执行有效的方案，收集百日咳病例，建立适当的报告制度，并监测疫苗接种覆盖率。(C)2016年欧洲临床微生物学和传染病学会。由爱思唯尔有限公司出版。保留所有权利。
Pertussis is a highly contagious infectious disease caused by Bordetella pertussis that can be extremely serious, particularly in young infants. For many years the efforts of health authorities throughout the world to prevent pertussis had the main goals of reducing the morbidity of infants and children under 5 years of age, maintaining protection for several years during the school-age period and developing a significant herd immunity to directly and indirectly reduce the risk of the spread of the disease among young infants and the risk of transmission of the infection from preschool children to infants. However, the increased risk of B. pertussis infection among adolescents and adults due to the waning immunity to this bacterium induced by vaccines and natural infection seems to be the main reason for the resurgence of pertussis. We discuss the reasons for the administration of pertussis vaccines to individuals for whom they were previously not recommended, the expected results of the administration of additional pertussis vaccine doses and the differences in the administration of pertussis vaccines in different countries. An analysis of the literature revealed several reports indicating the need for the modification of immunization schedules against pertussis, with booster doses among adolescents and the need for the vaccination of pregnant women. However, to monitor the true epidemiology of pertussis, effective programmes to collect pertussis cases, adequate reporting systems and vaccination coverage monitoring should be urgently implemented. (C) 2016 European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.