Multi-function agricultural biodiversity: pest management and other benefits
Multi-function agricultural biodiversity: pest management and other benefits
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DOI：
10.1078/1439-1791-00122
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发表时间：
2003-01-01
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Luna, JM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gurr, GM;Wratten, SD;Luna, JM
本文综述了农业生物多样性的两个方面。1.农业生物多样性可能会增加，有利于害虫管理的方式进行了审查。在最简单的层面上，可以通过改变管理实践来改变单一栽培的结构，以使天敌受益。在另一个极端，一年生和多年生非作物植被可能与种植相结合，在景观一级增加生物多样性。2.讨论了增加生物多样性的好处类型的等级。植被多样性可以通过“自上而下”增加天敌种群、资源集中和其他直接作用于害虫的“自下而上”效应来抑制害虫。虽然这种低投入的虫害管理机制本身很有吸引力，但其他（与虫害管理无关的）好处也可能同时适用。这些利益包括作物产量或质量方面的短期利益、农业系统可持续性方面的长期利益，以及最终的广泛社会利益，包括美学、娱乐和保护植物群和动物群。举例说明了这种多功能农业生物多样性。
This paper reviews two aspects of agricultural biodiversity. 1. The ways in which agricultural biodiversity may be increased to favour pest management are examined. At the simplest level, the structure within a monoculture may be altered by changing management practices to benefit natural enemies. At the other extreme, annual and perennial non-crop vegetation may be integrated with cropping, and biodiversity increased at the landscape level. 2. The existence of a hierarchy for the types of benefits of increased biodiversity is discussed. Vegetational diversity can lead to suppression of pests via 'top-down' enhancement of natural enemy populations and by resource concentration and other 'bottom-up' effects acting directly on pests. Whilst such low-input pest management mechanisms are attractive in their own right, other (non-pest management related) benefits may simultaneously apply. These range from short-term benefits in crop yield or quality, longer term benefits for sustainability of the farming system and, ultimately, broad societal benefits including aesthetics, recreation and the conservation of flora and fauna. Examples are given of such multi-function agricultural biodiversity.