Elevated lytic phage production as a consequence of particle colonization by a marine Flavobacterium (Cellulophaga sp.)
Elevated lytic phage production as a consequence of particle colonization by a marine Flavobacterium (Cellulophaga sp.)
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DOI：
10.1007/s00248-008-9369-8
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发表时间：
2008-10-01
影响因子：
3.6
通讯作者：
Grossart, Hans-Peter
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Riemann, Lasse;Grossart, Hans-Peter
生长在海洋颗粒上的细菌通常比自由生活的细菌具有更高的密度和细胞特异性活性。由于噬菌体吸附的速度取决于宿主密度，而感染生产率是宿主生理状态的函数，我们假设海洋颗粒是噬菌体生产升高的位点。在本研究中，富含有机物的琼脂糖珠和海洋噬菌体-宿主对（Cellulophaga sp.，Phi S（M））用作模型系统以检查颗粒的细菌定殖是否增加噬菌体产生。虽然在普通海水中没有观察到细菌的产生，但珠子的存在增强了细菌的附着和生长以及噬菌体的产生。这是由于在珠存在下细菌的广泛裂解以及随后珠上和周围水中噬菌体丰度的增加而观察到的。12小时后，广泛的噬菌体裂解降低了附着细菌的密度;然而，32小时后，细菌丰度再次增加。细菌分离株的再暴露和分析表明，这种颗粒上的再生长是由噬菌体抗性克隆。与模型颗粒相关的裂解性噬菌体产生升高的本演示不仅说明海洋噬菌体具有成功感染和裂解表面附着细菌的能力，而且说明获得抗性可能影响颗粒上的噬菌体-宿主动态。来自模型系统的这些发现可能与噬菌体产生在富含颗粒物质的环境中的分布有关（例如，在沿海地区或在浮游植物大量繁殖期间），其中噬菌体生产的显著部分可能与这些营养丰富的“热点”直接相关。".
Bacteria growing on marine particles generally have higher densities and cell-specific activities than free-living bacteria. Since rapidity of phage adsorption is dependent on host density, while infection productivity is a function of host physiological status, we hypothesized that marine particles are sites of elevated phage production. In the present study, organic-matter-rich agarose beads and a marine phage-host pair (Cellulophaga sp., Phi S(M)) were used as a model system to examine whether bacterial colonization of particles increases phage production. While no production of phages was observed in plain seawater, the presence of beads enhanced attachment and growth of bacteria, as well as phage production. This was observed because of extensive lysis of bacteria in the presence of beads and a subsequent increase in phage abundance both on beads and in the surrounding water. After 12 h, extensive phage lysis reduced the density of attached bacteria; however, after 32 h, bacterial abundance increased again. Reexposure to phages and analyses of bacterial isolates suggested that this regrowth on particles was by phage-resistant clones. The present demonstration of elevated lytic phage production associated with model particles illustrates not only that a marine phage has the ability to successfully infect and lyse surface-attached bacteria but also that acquisition of resistance may affect temporal phage-host dynamics on particles. These findings from a model system may have relevance to the distribution of phage production in environments rich in particulate matter (e.g., in coastal areas or during phytoplankton blooms) where a significant part of phage production may be directly linked to these nutrient-rich "hot spots.".