CHOLINERGIC SYNAPSE AND SITE OF MEMORY
CHOLINERGIC SYNAPSE AND SITE OF MEMORY
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DOI：
10.1126/science.174.4011.788
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发表时间：
1971-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
56.9
通讯作者：
DEUTSCH, JA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
DEUTSCH, JA
一个简单的假设可以解释迄今为止获得的结果，如果我们在最初学习注射后30分钟忽略这些结果。假设是，作为学习的结果，一组特定突触的突触后末端对传递者变得更加敏感。这种敏感性在初次学习后随着时间的推移而增加，然后下降。这种敏感性增加的速度取决于初始学习的量。如果用抗胆碱酯酶将随时间绘制的传输曲线向上移位，那么非常低的部分将显示促进，而高的部分将导致阻塞（图8）。中间部分不会受到影响（除非进行了特殊的实验测试）。如果用抗胆碱能药物使传递曲线下移，则中间部分不受影响，只有很早或很晚的部分出现阻滞。研究结果证明，突触传导是学习的结果。到目前为止，似乎(1)胆碱能突触是学习的结果，可能是突触后膜在学习后随着时间的推移对乙酰胆碱越来越敏感，直到一定程度。（ii）过了这个点，敏感性下降，导致遗忘现象。（iii）也有很好的证据表明，对胆碱酯酶的敏感性下降或对抗胆碱能药物的敏感性增加的初始阶段。这可能反映了一组平行的突触的存在，这些突触具有快速衰减的功能，可以作为短期存储。（iv）学习量的增加会导致每组突触的电导增加，而突触的数量却没有增加。(5)原始学习和消失均由胆碱能突触控制。
A simple hypothesis can explain the results obtained to date if we disregard those results when we wait 30 minutes after original learning to inject. The hypothesis is that, as a result of learning, the postsynaptic endings at a specific set of synapses become more sensitive to transmitter. This sensitivity increases with time after initial learning and then declines. The rate at which such sensitivity increases depends on the amount of initial learning. If the curve of transmission plotted against time is displaced upward with anticholinesterases then the very low portions will show facilitation, and the high portions will cause block (Fig. 8). The middle portions will appear unaffected (unless special experimental tests are made). If the curve of transmission is displaced down with anticholinergics, then the middle portion will appear unaffected and only the very early or late components will show block.The results are evidence that synaptic conductance is altered as a result of learning. So far it seems (i) that cholinergic synapses are modified as a result of learning and that it probably is the postsynaptic membrane that becomes increasingly more sensitive to acetylcholine with time after learning, up to a certain point. (ii) After this point, sensitivity declines, leading to the phenomenon of forgetting. (iii) There is also good evidence that there is an initial phase of declining sensitivity to cholinesterase or increasing sensitivity to anticholinergics. This could reflect the existence of a parallel set of synapses with fast decay that serve as a shortterm store. (iv) Increasing the amount of learning leads to an increase in conductance in each of a set of synapses without an increase in their number. (v) Both original learning and extinction are subserved by cholinergic synapses.