Capitalism as an engine of progress
Capitalism as an engine of progress
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资本主义作为进步的引擎
DOI：
10.1016/0048-7333(90)90036-6
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发表时间：
1990
期刊：
影响因子：
7.2
通讯作者：
R. Nelson
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
R. Nelson
从马克思到熊彼特，经济学家都把资本主义吹捧为技术进步的引擎。但它是什么样的引擎呢？它是如何工作的？优势和劣势是什么？本文冒险回答这些问题。1第1部分是一个广泛的理论评估，从约瑟夫熊彼特的技术进步作为一个进化过程的开创性分析开始，但增加了它，然后在重要方面偏离了它。特别是，它发展了这样一个观点，即科学与技术之间的关系，以及支持科学和技术进步的制度结构，比熊彼特和遵循他的传统的学者所认识到的要复杂得多。第二部分是论文的核心。它借鉴了最近广泛的学术研究来描述现代资本主义引擎的不同部分，它们做什么，以及它们如何啮合。基于上述情况，第3节对目前关于加强促进研发规划和协调的机制的辩论提出了具体看法。
Economists, from Marx, to Schumpeter, have touted capitalism as an engine of technical progress. But what kind of an engine is it? How does it work? What are the strengths and weaknesses? This essay hazards some answers to these questions.1Section 1 is a broad theoretical assessment that begins with Joseph Schumpeter's seminal analysis of technical advance as an evolutionary process, but augments it, and then diverges from it in important ways. In particular, it develops the point that the relationships among science and technology, and the institutional structures supporting scientific and technical advance, are much more complex than Schumpeter and scholars following in his tradition have recognized. Section 2 is the heart of the essay. It draws on a wide range of recent scholarship to describe the different parts of the modern capitalist engine, what they do, and how they mesh. Based on the foregoing, Section 3 develops a particular view of the current debate about strengthening mechanisms to facilitate R&D planning and coordination.