Light Pollution: The Global View
Light Pollution: The Global View
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光污染：全球视野
DOI：
10.1007/978-94-017-0125-9
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发表时间：
2003
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
H. E. Schwarz
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
H. E. Schwarz
直到近年来，户外照明对夜间环境和人类身心健康影响的重要性才得到更广泛的认识。与光污染相关的问题是一个特别复杂的问题，公用事业公司、环保人士、天文学家、照明行业和各个政府部门之间存在潜在的利益冲突。能源政治始终是一个敏感问题，光污染也不例外。光污染对动植物群（包括人类及其广泛的夜间活动）的影响通常是微妙的，需要进行广泛的实地研究才能以合理的方式量化。本次会议由国际天文学联合会第50委员会发起，旨在将天文学界、照明行业、最终用户、公用事业和公共当局聚集在一起进行讨论并交流思想和信息，这将在这些团体之间建立善意，从而有助于使全球减少污染的努力更加高效和有效。无线电频率污染也在射电天文学的背景下进行了讨论，以及与政府当局合作创建无线电静区的努力，政府当局将频段分配给各种用户（主要是电信行业），并保护世界上计划和现有的主要射电天文台。来自上述各组12个国家的130多名代表参加了为期3天的会议，讨论了广泛的议题。其中一些亮点包括： 展示第一部人工夜空亮度世界地图集（Cinzano 等人）；国际暗夜协会关于其在全球范围内遏制光污染的努力的文章（Alvarez del Castillo 等人）；西班牙（Diaz 等人）和智利（Sanhueza 等人）实施的控制光污染的法律，站点射频保护工作概述（Cohen 等人）以及从智利的角度对该主题的精彩介绍（Daud）。书中的相关主题包括光污染教育、飞机尾迹、太空广告（附有联合国相关委员会提供的附加文件），以及利用互联网和媒体让整个国家的人口测量天空亮度的实验。本书面向与照明及其对广义夜间环境影响相关的各个学科的专业人士。对这个新兴的多学科领域感兴趣的非专业人士也可以对本书感兴趣。
It is only since recent years that the importance of the effects of outdoor lighting on the night-time environment and on the physical and mental health of humans is recognized on a wider scale. The related issue of light pollution is a particularly complex one, with potential conflicts of interest between the utilities, environmentalists, astronomers, the lighting industry and various government departments. Energy politics are always a sensitive issue, and light pollution is no exception to this rule. The effects of light pollution on flora, fauna-including humans and their widely varying night-time activities-are often subtle and need extensive field studies to be quantified in a sensible manner. The present conference, initiated by Commission 50 of the International Astronomical Union, is an attempt to bring together the astronomical community, the lighting industry, end-users, the utilities, and public authorities for a discussion and an exchange of ideas and information that will create goodwill among these groups and will thus contribute to making the global efforts to reduce pollution more efficient and effective. Radio frequency pollution was also discussed in the context of radio astronomy and its efforts to create radio-quiet zones in collaboration with the government authorities that allocate frequency bands to the various users-mainly the telecommunications industry-and to protect the major planned and present radio observatories of the world. The 3-day conference was attended by more than 130 representatives from 12 countries of all the above-mentioned groups, and a wide range of topics was discussed. Some of the highlights were: The presentation of the 1st world atlas of artificial night sky brightness (Cinzano et al.); the article by the International Darksky Association on their world-wide efforts to curb light pollution (Alvarez del Castillo et al.); the laws controlling light pollution implemented in Spain (Diaz et al.) and Chile (Sanhueza et al.), an overview of the work on radio frequency protection of sites (Cohen et al.) and the excellent introduction to the topic from the Chilean point of view (Daud). Related topics in the book are light pollution education, aircraft contrails, space advertising (with an added document provided by the relevant UN commission), and an experiment on involving the population of an entire country in measuring sky brightness, by using the internet and the media. The text is aimed at professionals from a wide range of disciplines related to lighting and its effects on the night-time environment in the broadest sense of the word. Lay persons interested in this emerging multi-disciplinary field can also find much of interest in this book.