A World of Contrasted but Interdependent Inequality Regimes: China, United States and the European Union
A World of Contrasted but Interdependent Inequality Regimes: China, United States and the European Union
复制标题
DOI：
10.1080/09538259.2015.1065573
复制
发表时间：
2015-01-01
影响因子：
1.5
通讯作者：
Boyer, Robert
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Boyer, Robert
许多当代悖论值得解释。首先，在中国，经济发展减少了贫困，但不平等现象急剧加剧。其次，北美金融主导的增长体制与福特主义黄金时代决裂，由于从经济到政策的相当具体的溢出效应，导致不平等加剧。第三，欧元区危机通常被认为反映了福利国家的局限性和社会平等的理想，但一些国家继续表现出扩大的福利体系、适度的不平等以及充满活力的创新和生产体系。为了解释这些悖论，本文采用了基于不平等制度概念的社会经济方法。传统的解释强调了机制的普遍性，这些机制扩大了每个民族国家内部的个人不平等，但降低了国家生活水平的等级。然而，这一分析得出的结论是，中国、北美和欧洲根本没有遵循相同的轨迹，因为它们已经形成了截然不同的不平等制度，这些制度在全球层面上共同演变并且在很大程度上是互补的。这为不可逆转的不平等全球化假说提供了另一种选择。
A number of contemporary paradoxes warrant explanation. First, in China, economic development has reduced poverty but dramatically increased inequalities. Second, the finance-led growth regime of North America has brought about a rupture with the Fordist Golden Age, causing a surge of inequality because of quite specific spill-over effects from the economy to policy. Third, the Eurozone crisis is often perceived as reflecting the limits of welfare states and the ideal of social equality, but some countries continue to exhibit an extended welfare system, moderate inequalities and a dynamic innovation and production system. To explain these paradoxes, this article applies a socio-economic approach based upon the concept of inequality regimes. Conventional interpretations stress the universality of the mechanisms that widen individual inequalities within each nation-state but reduce the hierarchy of national standards of living. This analysis, however, concludes that China, North America and Europe do not follow the same trajectory at all, since they have developed contrasting regimes of inequality that co-evolve and are largely complementary at the global level. This suggests an alternative to the hypothesis of an irreversible globalization of inequality.