Biodiversity and distribution of polar freshwater DNA viruses.
Biodiversity and distribution of polar freshwater DNA viruses.
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DOI：
10.1126/sciadv.1400127
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发表时间：
2015-06
期刊：
影响因子：
13.6
通讯作者：
Alcamí A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Aguirre de Cárcer D;López-Bueno A;Pearce DA;Alcamí A
对北极淡水病毒DNA群落的元基因组分析揭示了独特的遗传学和两极血统。病毒是地球上最丰富的生物实体，也是遗传多样性的巨大储存库。尽管最近对它们的研究激增，但我们对它们的实际生物多样性和分布的了解仍然很少。我们首次对北极淡水病毒DNA群落进行了元基因组分析，并与其他淡水环境进行了比较分析。北极病毒主要是未知的单链DNA病毒，数据库中没有近亲。这些独特的病毒DNA群落大多相互关联，并与其他研究环境存在一些微小的遗传重叠，包括北冰洋病毒群。尽管极地生态系统中有共同的环境条件，但北极和南极的DNA病毒体在细粒遗传水平上不同，但具有相似的分类组成。这项研究发现了一些具有两极分布的病毒谱系，这表明病毒具有全球传播能力，似乎表明病毒并不遵循大型生物已知的纬度多样性梯度。我们的研究揭示了全球生物地理和病毒社区的连通性。
A metagenomics analysis of Arctic freshwater viral DNA communities uncovers unique genetics and bipolar lineages. Viruses constitute the most abundant biological entities and a large reservoir of genetic diversity on Earth. Despite the recent surge in their study, our knowledge on their actual biodiversity and distribution remains sparse. We report the first metagenomic analysis of Arctic freshwater viral DNA communities and a comparative analysis with other freshwater environments. Arctic viromes are dominated by unknown and single-stranded DNA viruses with no close relatives in the database. These unique viral DNA communities mostly relate to each other and present some minor genetic overlap with other environments studied, including an Arctic Ocean virome. Despite common environmental conditions in polar ecosystems, the Arctic and Antarctic DNA viromes differ at the fine-grain genetic level while sharing a similar taxonomic composition. The study uncovers some viral lineages with a bipolar distribution, suggesting a global dispersal capacity for viruses, and seemingly indicates that viruses do not follow the latitudinal diversity gradient known for macroorganisms. Our study sheds light into the global biogeography and connectivity of viral communities.