Auditory Scene Analysis: An Attention Perspective
Auditory Scene Analysis: An Attention Perspective
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DOI：
10.1044/2017_jslhr-h-17-0041
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发表时间：
2017-10-01
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Sussman, Elyse S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Sussman, Elyse S.
目的：对注意在听觉场景分析中的作用提供了一个新的视角。方法：提出了一个理解注意如何与刺激驱动的过程相互作用以促进任务目标的框架。对先前报道的听力正常的成年人通过行为和电生理测量获得的数据进行了总结，以证明注意对听觉感知的影响--从组织无人值守输入的被动过程到作用于系统不同水平的注意效应。数据将显示，注意可以强化行为目标的流组织，识别被噪声遮挡的听觉事件，并限制被动处理能力。结论：提供了一个注意力模型，说明了听觉系统如何执行多水平驱动输入和自上而下的过程。总体而言，这些研究表明：(A)流分离是自动发生的，并为听觉事件的形成奠定了基础；(B)注意与自动加工相互作用，以促进任务目标；以及(C)当选择一个组织而不是另一个组织时，关于无人注意的声音的信息不会丢失。我们的结果支持神经模型，该模型允许将多个声音组织保存在内存中，并通过自动和特定于任务的过程的平衡来同时访问，从而允许灵活地在具有竞争声源的嘈杂环境中导航。
Purpose: This review article provides a new perspective on the role of attention in auditory scene analysis.Method: A framework for understanding how attention interacts with stimulus-driven processes to facilitate task goals is presented. Previously reported data obtained through behavioral and electrophysiological measures in adults with normal hearing are summarized to demonstrate attention effects on auditory perception-from passive processes that organize unattended input to attention effects that act at different levels of the system. Data will show that attention can sharpen stream organization toward behavioral goals, identify auditory events obscured by noise, and limit passive processing capacity.Conclusions: A model of attention is provided that illustrates how the auditory system performs multilevel driven input and top-down processes. Overall, these studies show that (a) stream segregation occurs automatically and sets the basis for auditory event formation; (b) attention interacts with automatic processing to facilitate task goals; and (c) information about unattended sounds is not lost when selecting one organization over another. Our results support a neural model that allows multiple sound organizations to be held in memory and accessed simultaneously through a balance of automatic and task-specific processes, allowing flexibility for navigating noisy environments with competing sound sources.