Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Acute Stress Disorder
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Acute Stress Disorder
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创伤后应激障碍和急性应激障碍
DOI：
10.1093/med:psych/9780195174113.003.0027
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发表时间：
2012
影响因子：
3.6
通讯作者：
C. Lareau
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
C. Lareau
创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)是一种与悲惨的、危及生命的事件的幸存者有关的诊断，如战斗、强奸、严重车祸和暴力袭击。这在大规模灾难的受害者中也很常见。继2001年9月11日世贸中心和五角大楼遭受恐怖袭击，2004年12月26日东南亚发生毁灭性海啸，2005年8月美国墨西哥湾沿岸卡特里娜飓风可怕的洪水泛滥，以及伊拉克和阿富汗的旷日持久的战争之后，创伤后应激障碍作为我们集体术语中熟悉的一个术语不幸重新获得了关注。尽管在最近，这个词让人联想到情感上伤痕累累的越战老兵重温他们的战斗暴行的画面，但创伤后应激障碍已经成为一个非常流行的诊断，并渗透到当代美国社会。传统上，无论是民事赔偿要求还是刑事案件的辩护，法院都不愿接受创伤后应激障碍类型的陈述。早期审理人身伤害索赔的法院需要明显的伤害，如骨折或失去肢体，才能确定实际发生了伤害。本章讨论一些外部创伤事件(S)或应激源(S)在精神障碍中起关键病因作用的情况。它的目的不是为了检查所有可能的创伤病因障碍。本章的主要焦点将是创伤后应激障碍，但这一章也将讨论急性应激障碍(ASD)，以及较小程度的严重抑郁障碍(MDD)。几个世纪以来，人们已经认识到，极端和创伤性的压力源可能会导致精神或情感上的痛苦。然而，认为这些事件可能导致长期精神疾病的想法似乎是最近才出现的。(《心理信息数据库记录(C)2023 APA》，版权所有)
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a diagnosis associated with survivors of tragic, life-threatening events, such as combat, rape, serious automobile accidents, and violent assaults. It also is common in victims of large-scale disasters. Following the terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center and Pentagon on September 11, 2001, the devastating tsunami in Southeast Asia on December 26, 2004, the horrific deluge from Hurricane Katrina on the US Gulf Coast in August 2005, and the lengthy wars in Iraq and Afghanistan, PTSD has unfortunately gained renewed attention as a familiar term in our collective vernacular. Although in the recent past the term has conjured up images of emotionally scarred Vietnam veterans reliving their battle atrocities, PTSD has become a diagnosis that is very much" in vogue" and permeates contemporary American society. Traditionally, courts had been reluctant to embrace PTSD type presentations either for civil compensation claims or for the defense in criminal cases. Early courts hearing personal injury claims required obvious injuries, such as broken bones or loss of a limb, to determine that an actual injury had occurred. This chapter addresses mental disorders in which some external traumatic event (s) or stressor (s) plays a critical etiologic role. It is not intended to examine all possible disorders with traumatic etiology. The primary focus of this chapter will be PTSD, but the chapter will also address acute stress disorder (ASD) and, to a lesser extent, major depressive disorder (MDD). It has been recognized for centuries that extreme and traumatic stressors may result in mental or emotional suffering. However, the belief that these events could result in longstanding mental illnesses appears to be of more recent vintage.(PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)