Africa’s Contribution to the Development of International Human Rights and Humanitarian Law
Africa’s Contribution to the Development of International Human Rights and Humanitarian Law
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非洲对国际人权和人道主义法发展的贡献
DOI：
10.1057/978-1-137-51915-3_7
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发表时间：
2019
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
F. Viljoen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
F. Viljoen
本章通过将非洲联盟（及其前身非洲统一组织）主持下通过的人权条约与联合国主持下在全球一级通过的条约并列，确定了非洲对国际人权法的贡献。《非洲人权和人民权利宪章》与《国际人权宪章》所载的许多二分法不同，它采纳了不可分割原则，包含了集体权利，并使发展权成为可由法院审理的权利。其他涉及儿童权利、难民权利和环境问题的非洲条约规定在区域一级阐明相应的联合国条约中的普遍准则。非洲还在国际人道主义法方面取得了进展，例如，卢旺达问题国际刑事法庭（卢旺达问题国际法庭）认为强奸构成种族灭绝，并起草和通过了一项关于强奸罪的条约。
This chapter identifies Africa’s contribution to international human rights law by juxtaposing human rights treaties adopted under the auspices of the African Union (and its predecessor the Organization of African Unity) with treaties adopted at the global level, under the United Nations. Departing from numerous dichotomies contained in the International Bill of Rights, the African Charter on Human and People’s Rights embraces the principle of indivisibility, contains collective rights, and makes the right to development justiciable. Other African treaties dealing with the rights of children, refugees and in respect of the environment, provide for the regional articulation of the universal norms in corresponding UN treaties. Africa also steered advances in international humanitarian law, for example when the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR) held that rape constitute genocide, and through the drafting and adoption of a treaty dealing with mercenarism.