The Case Against Specialized Visual-Spatial Short-Term Memory
The Case Against Specialized Visual-Spatial Short-Term Memory
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DOI：
10.1037/bul0000155
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发表时间：
2018-08-01
影响因子：
22.4
通讯作者：
Morey, Candice C.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Morey, Candice C.
理解工作记忆的主导范式，即思维所需的知觉、注意和助记过程的组合，根据记忆是以听觉-言语还是视觉形式编码的，将短期记忆(STM)细分。这种传统的分离得到了神经心理学患者的例子的支持，他们似乎选择性地缺乏听觉-言语、视觉或空间记忆的STM。并采用双任务法进行实验研究。尽管这一证据是模块化STM系统假设的基础，但它对专门的可视STM系统的支持是令人惊讶的薄弱的。我找出了支持一种独特的言语STM系统的关键证据--对言语STM有明显选择性损害的患者，以及言语短期记忆对一般双重任务干扰的弹性--并将这些基准应用于视觉空间STM的神经心理学和实验研究。与口头STM的证据相反，有明显视觉或空间STM缺陷的患者往往会经历一系列额外的缺陷，因此很难得出明显的短期存储受损的结论。与此一致的是，对双任务视觉空间STM研究的元分析表明，无论次要任务的领域或感觉编码如何，都可以一致地观察到稳健的双任务成本。总而言之，这些证据表明，设置一个专门的视觉STM系统是没有必要的。
The dominant paradigm for understanding working memory, or the combination of the perceptual, attentional, and mnemonic processes needed for thinking, subdivides short-term memory (STM) according to whether memoranda are encoded in aural-verbal or visual formats. This traditional dissociation has been supported by examples of neuropsychological patients who seem to selectively lack STM for either aural-verbal, visual, or spatial memoranda. and by experimental research using dual-task methods. Though this evidence is the foundation of assumptions of modular STM systems, the case it makes for a specialized visual STM system is surprisingly weak. I identify the key evidence supporting a distinct verbal STM system-patients with apparent selective damage to verbal STM and the resilience of verbal short-term memories to general dual-task interference-and apply these benchmarks to neuropsychological and experimental investigations of visual-spatial STM. Contrary to the evidence on verbal STM, patients with apparent visual or spatial STM deficits tend to experience a wide range of additional deficits, making it difficult to conclude that a distinct short-term store was damaged. Consistently with this, a meta-analysis of dual-task visual-spatial STM research shows that robust dual-task costs are consistently observed regardless of the domain or sensory code of the secondary task. Together, this evidence suggests that positing a specialized visual STM system is not necessary.