Fungi in Coastal and Oceanic Marine Ecosystems
Fungi in Coastal and Oceanic Marine Ecosystems
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DOI：
10.1007/978-3-319-54304-8
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发表时间：
2017
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
S. Raghukumar
中科院分区：
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作者：
S. Raghukumar
70多年来，真菌学家一直对海洋真菌着迷。关于海洋真菌的信息量巨大。我们现在可以肯定地说，有特殊的真菌栖息在海洋，木质纤维素基板，他们获得大量的生物量在盐沼草和红树林的碎屑。已经描述了许多藻类和动物寄生虫，其中一些引起显著死亡。珊瑚里有内生真菌。最近的研究还表明，真菌可能不是远洋生态系统中微不足道的组成部分。真菌在珊瑚礁和深海中的多样性和作用最近开始引起人们的注意。海洋真菌是新型代谢物和生物技术产品的最重要来源。令人惊讶的是，真菌在海洋生物学和微生物学教科书中仍然没有找到太多的空间。这可能是因为真菌在环境中占据了一个特殊的生态位，一个很容易被水生生物学家忽视的生态位。海洋中广阔的水体促使人们去观察直接生活在其中的生物。因此，我们对自由生活的浮游生物和细菌有了很大的了解，它们的平均数量高达每毫升100万。我们观察自由游动或悬浮在水柱中的大型海洋生物。我们考虑附着在其他基质上的生物。很少有人会停下来看看隐藏在活的和死的有机体中的真菌。这正是人们可以找到菌丝体以及单细胞和内生真菌的地方，它们的生态位是渗透并生活在有机物质中。因此，研究真菌的方法与研究细菌的方法完全不同。再加上许多单细胞真菌与其他原生生物大小相同，人们很容易忽视它们。令人高兴的是，这种情况正在迅速变化，我们正在了解越来越多的关于海洋生态系统中的真菌。这本书不能取代详细的学术书籍和评论出版的一些既定和新兴的海洋真菌学家。这本书由TW约翰逊和FK麻雀小。1961年出版的题为《海洋和河口中的真菌》的著作是那个时代的一部杰作，启发了海洋真菌学家。许多其他人，如扬和埃里卡科尔迈耶的学术著作，
Mycologists have been fascinated with marine fungi for more than 70 years now. An enormous volume of information on marine fungi is presently available. We can now say with certainty that there are special fungi inhabiting marine, lignocellulosic substrates and that they attain substantial biomass in detritus of salt marsh grass and mangroves. A number of algal and animal parasites have been described, some of which cause significant mortalities. Corals harbor endobiontic fungi. Recent studies have also shown that fungi may not be an insignificant component of the pelagic ecosystem. Diversity and role of fungi in coral reefs and the deep sea have begun to attract attention of late. Marine fungi are some of the most significant sources of novel metabolites and biotechnological products. Surprisingly, fungi still do not find much space in textbooks on marine biology and microbiology. This is probably because fungi occupy a peculiar niche in the environment, a niche which can be easily overlooked by aquatic biologists. The vast body of water in the ocean prompts one to look at organisms living directly therein. Thus, we know a great deal about free-living plankton and bacteria, which on average number up to a million per ml. We look at large marine organisms that swim freely or are suspended in the water column. We consider organisms that are attached to other substrates. Seldom does one pause to look at fungi that live concealed within living and dead organisms. That is exactly where one would find mycelia, as well as unicellular and endobiontic fungi, whose niche is to penetrate and live within organic matter. Therefore, the approach to study fungi is quite different from that toward bacteria. Add to it the fact that many unicellular fungi are the same size as other protists and one could easily overlook them. Happily, this scenario is changing fast and we are learning more and more about fungi in the marine ecosystem.This book cannot replace the detailed scholarly books and reviews published by a number of established and emerging marine mycologists. The book by TW Johnson and FK Sparrow Jr. titled “Fungi in Oceans and Estuaries” published in 1961 is a masterly treatise of those times that inspired marine mycologists. Many others, such as the scholarly book of Jan and Erika Kohlmeyer on