Achieving more with less: Extra milers' behavioral influences in teams.
Achieving more with less: Extra milers' behavioral influences in teams.
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DOI：
10.1037/apl0000010
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发表时间：
2015-02
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Ning Li;H. H. Zhao-H.;Sheryl L. Walter;Xin‐an Zhang;J. Yu
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Ning Li;H. H. Zhao-H.;Sheryl L. Walter;Xin‐an Zhang;J. Yu
团队是由个人成员组成的，他们共同为团队的成功做出贡献。因此，当代团队研究倾向于关注团队整体属性（例如，团队个性和行为的平均值）如何影响团队过程和有效性，而忽略了特定成员对团队结果的潜在独特影响。利用少数群体影响理论（Grant & Patil, 2012），我们扩展了之前的团队研究，证明了一个额外的管理者（即团队中表现出最高频率的角色外行为的团队成员）可以影响团队过程，并最终影响团队效率，超越所有其他成员的影响。具体来说，基于一项实地研究，我们报告了额外管理者对团队监控和支持过程以及团队有效性的行为影响（即帮助和声音）取决于他或她在团队中的网络位置，因此当他或她处于中心位置时，他或她往往对团队结果有更强的影响。我们还发现，在推动团队进程和结果方面，即使是在关键职位上多出一名员工，也比其他所有成员发挥的作用更重要。因此，我们的研究通过展示特定团队成员对团队整体结果的不成比例的影响，为团队文献提供了重要贡献。
Teams are composed of individual members who collectively contribute to team success. As a result, contemporary team research tends to focus on how team overall properties (e.g., the average of team personality and behavior) affect team processes and effectiveness while overlooking the potential unique influences of specific members on team outcomes. Drawing on minority influence theory (Grant & Patil, 2012), we extend previous teams research by demonstrating that an extra miler (i.e., a team member exhibiting the highest frequency of extra-role behaviors in a team) can influence team processes and, ultimately, team effectiveness beyond the influences of all the other members. Specifically, based on a field study, we report that the extra miler's behavioral influences (i.e., helping and voice) on team monitoring and backup processes and team effectiveness are contingent on his or her network position in the team, such that the member tends to have stronger influence on team outcomes when he or she is in a central position. We also find that even a single extra miler in a vital position plays a more important role in driving team processes and outcomes than do all the other members. Therefore, our research offers an important contribution to the team literature by demonstrating the disproportionate influences of specific team members on team overall outcomes.