Skeletal Muscle Fiber Type in Hypoxia: Adaptation to High-Altitude Exposure and Under Conditions of Pathological Hypoxia.
Skeletal Muscle Fiber Type in Hypoxia: Adaptation to High-Altitude Exposure and Under Conditions of Pathological Hypoxia.
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DOI：
10.3389/fphys.2018.01450
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发表时间：
2018
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
Chaillou T
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chaillou T
骨骼肌能够改变其大小和代谢/收缩特性，以响应各种刺激，如机械应激、神经活动、代谢和激素影响以及环境因素。一种被称为缺氧的氧气供应减少，被认为是导致骨骼肌代谢适应和质量损失的原因。此外，一些证据表明，肌肉纤维类型的组成可能会受到缺氧的影响。本综述的主要目的是探讨骨骼肌纤维型成分对高原(环境低氧)和病理性低氧(包括慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)、慢性心力衰竭(CHF)和阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征(OSAS))的适应性。在长期暴露在高海拔地区期间，成年动物和人类的肌肉纤维类型组成都没有明显的变化。然而，暴露在严重高原的生长大鼠在出生后发育过程中观察到的后肢肌肉从快到慢的纤维型转变是受损的。在慢性阻塞性肺疾病和充血性心力衰竭患者的下肢肌肉中，通常可以发现纤维型由慢到快的转变，而在这两种疾病中，通常在横隔肌中发现向较慢的纤维型转变。在OSAS的啮齿动物模型中，普遍观察到纤维类型由慢变快的转变。本文还讨论了在这些低氧条件下纤维类型适应的潜在因素。运动活动受损很可能解释了暴露在严重高原的生长期大鼠纤维类型组成的变化。此外，慢性不活动和肌肉去条件化可导致慢性阻塞性肺疾病和充血性心力衰竭时下肢肌肉纤维类型由慢变快，而导致OSAS时肌肉纤维类型适应的因素仍然是假设的。最后，描述了细胞缺氧、缺氧诱导因子-1α(HIF-1α)和其他分子调节因子在适应高原暴露和病理性缺氧条件下对肌肉纤维类型组成的适应中所起的作用。
Skeletal muscle is able to modify its size, and its metabolic/contractile properties in response to a variety of stimuli, such as mechanical stress, neuronal activity, metabolic and hormonal influences, and environmental factors. A reduced oxygen availability, called hypoxia, has been proposed to induce metabolic adaptations and loss of mass in skeletal muscle. In addition, several evidences indicate that muscle fiber-type composition could be affected by hypoxia. The main purpose of this review is to explore the adaptation of skeletal muscle fiber-type composition to exposure to high altitude (ambient hypoxia) and under conditions of pathological hypoxia, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), chronic heart failure (CHF) and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). The muscle fiber-type composition of both adult animals and humans is not markedly altered during chronic exposure to high altitude. However, the fast-to-slow fiber-type transition observed in hind limb muscles during post-natal development is impaired in growing rats exposed to severe altitude. A slow-to-fast transition in fiber type is commonly found in lower limb muscles from patients with COPD and CHF, whereas a transition toward a slower fiber-type profile is often found in the diaphragm muscle in these two pathologies. A slow-to-fast transformation in fiber type is generally observed in the upper airway muscles in rodent models of OSAS. The factors potentially responsible for the adaptation of fiber type under these hypoxic conditions are also discussed in this review. The impaired locomotor activity most likely explains the changes in fiber type composition in growing rats exposed to severe altitude. Furthermore, chronic inactivity and muscle deconditioning could result in the slow-to-fast fiber-type conversion in lower limb muscles during COPD and CHF, while the factors responsible for the adaptation of muscle fiber type during OSAS remain hypothetical. Finally, the role played by cellular hypoxia, hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α), and other molecular regulators in the adaptation of muscle fiber-type composition is described in response to high altitude exposure and conditions of pathological hypoxia.
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