Production of superconducting 1.3-GHz cavities for the European X-ray Free Electron Laser
Production of superconducting 1.3-GHz cavities for the European X-ray Free Electron Laser
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为欧洲 X 射线自由电子激光器生产超导 1.3 GHz 腔
DOI：
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发表时间：
2016
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
M. Wiencek
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
W. Singer;A. Brinkmann;R. Brinkmann;J. Iversen;A. Matheisen;W. Moeller;A. Navitski;D. Reschke;J. Schaffran;A. Sulimov;N. Walker;H. Weise;P. Michelato;L. Monaco;C. Pagani;M. Wiencek
用于欧洲 X 射线自由电子激光器 (EXFEL) 的 800 多个 1.3 GHz 超导 (SC) 腔的生产现已成功完成，这是腔体制造历史上最大的一次。过去，SC谐振器的制造仅部分工业化； EXFEL 生产的主要挑战是将高性能表面处理转移到工业中。该产品由 RI Research Instruments GmbH (RI) 和 Ettore Zanon S.p.A. (EZ) 两家公司按照“按印刷生产”的原则共享。 DESY 为谐振器提供高纯度铌和 NbTi。与签约机构 TUEV NORD 共同制定了欧洲压力设备指令 (PED) 的合规性。两家公司都建立了新的或升级的基础设施。用于冷射频测试的设备齐全的腔体的批量生产和交付于 2012 年 12 月开始，并于 2015 年 12 月完成。按规定交付给 DESY 的腔体（称为“收到的”）中有一半以上符合 EXFEL 规范。通过 DESY 或公司的补充表面处理，进一步改善了低性能型腔。最终实现的平均梯度超出 EXFEL 规格约 25%。在下面的论文中，报告了 EXFEL 1.3 GHz 腔体生产的经验，并讨论了主要的经验教训。
The production of over 800 1.3-GHz superconducting (SC) cavities for the European X-ray Free Electron Laser (EXFEL), the largest in the history of cavity fabrication, has now been successfully completed. In the past, manufacturing of SC resonators was only partly industrialized; the main challenge for the EXFEL production was transferring the high-performance surface treatment to industry. The production was shared by the two companies RI Research Instruments GmbH (RI) and Ettore Zanon S.p.A. (EZ) on the principle of “build to print”. DESY provided the high-purity niobium and NbTi for the resonators. Conformity with the European Pressure Equipment Directive (PED) was developed together with the contracted notified body TUEV NORD. New or upgraded infrastructure has been established at both companies. Series production and delivery of fully-equipped cavities ready for cold rf testing was started in December 2012, and finished in December 2015. More than half the cavities delivered to DESY as specified (referred to “as received”) fulfilled the EXFEL specification. Further improvement of low-performing cavities was achieved by supplementary surface treatment at DESY or at the companies. The final achieved average gradient exceeded the EXFEL specification by approximately 25%. In the following paper, experience with the 1.3-GHz cavity production for EXFEL is reported and the main lessons learned are discussed.