Making Society Climate Resilient International Progress under the Global Framework for Climate Services
Making Society Climate Resilient International Progress under the Global Framework for Climate Services
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DOI：
10.1175/bams-d-18-0211.1
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发表时间：
2020-02-01
影响因子：
8
通讯作者：
Tapia, B.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hewitt, C. D.;Allis, E.;Tapia, B.
政府、企业和公众越来越意识到气候变化在几个月到几十年的时间尺度上带来的风险。有些气候变化的有害社会经济影响可能是前所未有的，而另一些气候变化如果有充分的预警和规划，则可能带来好处。因此，决策者，包括政策制定者，迫切需要获得和使用关于过去、现在和未来的高质量、可获得、相关和可信的气候信息，以帮助做出更明智的决定和政策。我们将提供和使用此类信息称为气候服务。既定的研究和业务活动方案正在改善观测和气候监测，我们对气候过程、气候变异性和变化的理解，以及对未来气候的预测和预测。以决策者可用和有用的方式提供气候信息（包括数据和知识）受到的关注较少，社会尚未从现有信息中获得最佳利益。虽然气象服务通常有助于对天气敏感的决策，但用于较长时间尺度的决策的类似服务却不太完善。许多组织现在正在积极发展气候服务，越来越多的决策者渴望从这种服务中受益。本文介绍了过去十年在开发、提供和使用气候服务方面取得的进展，特别是在联合国机构协调下围绕全球气候服务框架开展的全球努力。本文强调了取得进一步进展的挑战，并提出了应对这些挑战的潜在新方向。
There is growing awareness among governments, businesses, and the general public of risks arising from changes to our climate on time scales from months through to decades. Some climatic changes could be unprecedented in their harmful socioeconomic impacts, while others with adequate forewarning and planning could offer benefits. There is therefore a pressing need for decision-makers, including policy-makers, to have access to and to use high-quality, accessible, relevant, and credible climate information about the past, present, and future to help make better-informed decisions and policies. We refer to the provision and use of such information as climate services. Established programs of research and operational activities are improving observations and climate monitoring, our understanding of climate processes, climate variability and change, and predictions and projections of the future climate. Delivering climate information (including data and knowledge) in a way that is usable and useful for decision-makers has had less attention, and society has yet to optimally benefit from the available information. While weather services routinely help weather-sensitive decision-making, similar services for decisions on longer time scales are less well established. Many organizations are now actively developing climate services, and a growing number of decision-makers are keen to benefit from such services. This article describes progress made over the past decade developing, delivering, and using climate services, in particular from the worldwide effort galvanizing around the Global Framework for Climate Services under the coordination of UN agencies. The article highlights challenges in making further progress and proposes potential new directions to address such challenges.