Field boundary features can stabilise bee populations and the pollination of mass-flowering crops in rotational systems
Field boundary features can stabilise bee populations and the pollination of mass-flowering crops in rotational systems
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DOI：
10.1111/1365-2664.13948
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发表时间：
2021-08-25
影响因子：
5.7
通讯作者：
Oliver, Tom H.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gardner, Emma;Breeze, Tom D.;Oliver, Tom H.
当大量开花的作物与资源贫乏的谷类作物轮作时，传粉者经历了资源可用性的大的时空波动。然而，很少有研究考虑这对传粉者种群稳定性的影响，也没有考虑如何减轻这种影响以保持一致的作物授粉服务。我们评估的潜力边界功能（标准狭窄的1米草缘，绿篱和宽4米的农业环境边缘），以支持和稳定授粉种群和授粉服务的农业景观下轮作。假设一个6年的轮换，我们使用基于过程的传粉者模型来预测每年的传粉者人口规模和作物内的访问率，油菜和蚕豆在英国的117个研究景观的边界功能不同量。我们模拟地面筑巢熊蜂和独居蜜蜂，并比较预测，包括和不包括边界功能的景观。地面筑巢熊蜂种群，其寿命较长的殖民地受益于资源的连续性，更大，更稳定（相对于无功能的情况下），在景观更多的边界功能。地面筑巢独居蜜蜂种群也较大，但不显着更稳定，除了引进广泛的永久农业环境的边缘，由于其较短的寿命和较短的觅食/传播范围。作物访问地面筑巢熊蜂是更大，更稳定的景观与更多的边界功能，部分原因是增加殖民地的增长之前，作物开花。时间平均作物访问地面筑巢独居蜜蜂略低，由于女性划分其觅食时间之间的边界功能和作物。然而，尽管如此，由于交付更稳定，提供的最低授粉服务更高。合成与应用。场边界功能有一个重要的作用，在稳定传粉者种群和授粉服务的旋转系统，虽然维护较大的半自然栖息地补丁可能是更有效的稳定少移动的孤独的蜜蜂种群。我们建议使用边界特征的组合，在间隔特征/轮作作物时考虑传粉者的范围，并将边界特征管理与作物轮作同步，以最大限度地提高其稳定效益。
Pollinators experience large spatiotemporal fluctuations in resource availability when mass-flowering crops are rotated with resource-poor cereal crops. Yet, few studies have considered the effect this has on pollinator population stability, nor how this might be mitigated to maintain consistent crop pollination services. We assess the potential of boundary features (standard narrow 1 m grassy margins, hedgerows and wide 4 m agri-environment margins) to support and stabilise pollinator populations and pollination service in agricultural landscapes under crop rotation. Assuming a 6-year rotation, we use a process-based pollinator model to predict yearly pollinator population size and in-crop visitation rates to oilseed rape and field bean across 117 study landscapes in England with varying amounts of boundary features. We model both ground-nesting bumblebees and solitary bees and compare the predictions including and excluding boundary features from the landscapes. Ground-nesting bumblebee populations, whose longer-lifetime colonies benefit from continuity of resources, were larger and more stable (relative to the no-features scenario) in landscapes with more boundary features. Ground-nesting solitary bee populations were also larger but not significantly more stable, except with the introduction of wide permanent agri-environment margins, due to their shorter lifetimes and shorter foraging/dispersal ranges. Crop visitation by ground-nesting bumblebees was greater and more stable in landscapes with more boundary features, partly due to increased colony growth prior to crop flowering. Time averaged crop visitation by ground-nesting solitary bees was slightly lower, due to females dividing their foraging time between boundary features and the crop. However, despite this, the minimum pollination service delivered was higher, due to the more stable delivery. Synthesis and applications. Field boundary features have an important role in stabilising pollinator populations and pollination service in rotational systems, although maintenance of larger semi-natural habitat patches may be more effective for stabilising less mobile solitary bee populations. We recommend using combinations of boundary features, accounting for pollinator range when spacing features/rotating crops, and synchronising boundary feature management with crop rotation to maximise their stabilising benefits.