The hypercorrection effect in younger and older adults
The hypercorrection effect in younger and older adults
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DOI：
10.1080/13825585.2012.754399
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发表时间：
2013-01-01
影响因子：
1.9
通讯作者：
Metcalfe, Janet
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Eich, Teal S.;Stern, Yaakov;Metcalfe, Janet
过度纠正效应指的是发现高自信的错误比低自信的错误更有可能被纠正，这种效应已经在年轻人和儿童中多次重复。在目前的研究中，我们将老年人和年轻人进行了对比。参与者回答了一般性的问题，对他们的答案进行了信心评级，得到了纠正的反馈，然后就他们犯错的问题进行了重新测试。虽然年轻人表现出了过度纠正的效果，但老年人在一般信息问题上的总体准确率更高，基础元认知能力也更好，但过度纠正的效果却有所减弱。事实上，他们对错误的置信度和纠正的概率之间的一致性并不显著大于零，这第一次表明，在这项纠正错误的任务中，特定的参与者群体受到了选择性的损害。这些结果可能会对过度矫正效应的潜在机制、老年人记忆损伤的原因以及幸免的记忆功能提供杠杆作用。
The hypercorrection effect, which refers to the finding that errors committed with high confidence are more likely to be corrected than are low confidence errors, has been replicated many times, and with both young adults and children. In the present study, we contrasted older with younger adults. Participants answered general-information questions, made confidence ratings about their answers, were given corrective feedback, and then were retested on questions that they had gotten wrong. While younger adults showed the hypercorrection effect, older adults, despite higher overall accuracy on the general-information questions and excellent basic metacognitive ability, showed a diminished hypercorrection effect. Indeed, the correspondence between their confidence in their errors and the probability of correction was not significantly greater than zero, showing, for the first time, that a particular participant population is selectively impaired on this error correction task. These results potentially offer leverage both on the mechanisms underlying the hypercorrection effect and on reasons for older adults' memory impairments, as well as on memory functions that are spared.