THE EFFECTS OF LISTENER'S SOCIAL REINFORCEMENT ON INTERPERSONAL ATTRACTION IN THE DYADIC CONVERSATION
THE EFFECTS OF LISTENER'S SOCIAL REINFORCEMENT ON INTERPERSONAL ATTRACTION IN THE DYADIC CONVERSATION
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二元对话中听众的社会强化对人际吸引力的影响
DOI：
10.2130/jjesp.26.67
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发表时间：
1986
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Yoshihiro Kawana
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Yoshihiro Kawana
本研究旨在探讨二元对话中听者的附和和点头等社会强化行为对人际吸引力的影响。40名大学生被作为实验对象，他们扮演自己故事的讲者或听者。为了对比人际感知的差异，每个被试都扮演了说话者和倾听者的角色。演讲者把同一个故事讲给两个听众听。一名听众带着社会认同的语气听着说话者说话，比如点头的言语强化和非言语强化。另一名听众在没有社会强化的情况下听着演讲者。同一个听者听了一个有社会强化的说话者，然后听了另一个没有社会强化的说话者。下面是四个发现。(1)说话者对有社会强化的听者的评价远高于没有社会强化的听者。(2)听者对给予社会强化的讲话者的评价高于没有给予社会强化的讲话者。(3)受社会强化存在与否影响的人际吸引力特征是情感亲和力和社交性特征，而不是智力和道德特征。(4)在对话情境中，说话者比听者更敏感。此外，多维展开的使用测试了作为一个整体的多变量因变量的视觉表示。
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the listener's social reinforcement such as chiming in and nodding given to the speaker on interpersonal attraction in the dyadic conversation. Fourty undergraduates served as subjects who role played either speakers of their own stories or listeners to them. To contrast the differences of interpersonal perception, each subject role played either speaker or listener all the time. The speaker told the same story to the two listeners. One listener listened to the speaker with social approval such as verbal reinforcement and nonverbal reinforcement of nodding. The other listener listened to the speaker without social reinforcement. The same listener listened to one speaker with social reinfofcement and then listened to the other speaker without social reinforcement. The following four findings were revealed. (1) The speaker rated much more favorably the listener with social reinforcement than the listener without social reinforcement. (2) The listener rated more favorably the speaker whom one gave social reinforcement than the speaker whom one did not give social reinforcement. (3) The traits of interpersonal attraction that was influenced by the presence or absence of social reinforcement were found to be the traits of affective likeability and sociability and not the traits of intelligence and morality. (4) The speaker was found to be more sensitive than the listener in the conversational situation. Also, the use of Multidimensional unfolding was tested for the visual representation of multivariate dependent variables as a whole.