Children's prototypic facial expressions during emotion-eliciting conversations with their mothers.
Children's prototypic facial expressions during emotion-eliciting conversations with their mothers.
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孩子们在与母亲引发情感对话时的典型面部表情。
DOI：
10.1037/emo0000354
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发表时间：
2018
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Shuster,Michael
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Castro,VanessaL;Camras,LindaA;Halberstadt,AmyG;Shuster,Michael
尽管理论上声称情绪主要是通过典型的面部表情进行交流，但经验证据令人惊讶地稀少。本研究旨在(A)测试儿童在被判断或自我报告涉及相应情绪的情境中是否比涉及其他情绪的情境产生更多典型情绪面部表情成分(称为“情境特异性”)，(B)测试儿童是否比其他情绪表达成分产生更多与被判断或自我报告情绪相对应的原型表情成分(被称为“内部特异性”)，以及(C)检验儿童自我报告的情绪体验与观察者对儿童情绪的判断之间的一致性。在与母亲的一次讨论中，对120名儿童(7-9岁)进行了录像。孩子们在441集中获得了情绪评分。儿童的非言语行为由观察者判断，并由接受过FACS培训的研究人员编码。儿童自我报告的情绪与观察者对喜悦、愤怒、恐惧和悲伤的判断显著一致，但不是惊讶。多水平建模结果显示，在喜悦事件中，儿童产生的喜悦表情多于非快乐事件(支持喜悦的情景特定性)；在喜悦和意外事件中，儿童比其他情绪表情更多地产生喜悦和惊讶表情(支持喜悦和惊喜的事件内特定性)。然而，儿童在不对应的情节中产生更多的愤怒、恐惧和悲伤的表情，而在相应的情节中产生的这些表情比其他表情少。研究结果表明，在社交互动中，负面情绪的交流--通过自我报告和观察者判断之间的一致性来衡量--可能不像理论上经常假设的那样依赖于典型的面部表情。
Despite theoretical claims that emotions are primarily communicated through prototypic facial expressions, empirical evidence is surprisingly scarce. This study aimed to (a) test whether children produced more components of a prototypic emotional facial expression during situations judged or self-reported to involve the corresponding emotion than situations involving other emotions (termed “intersituational specificity”),(b) test whether children produced more components of the prototypic expression corresponding to a situation’s judged or self-reported emotion than components of other emotional expressions (termed “intrasituational specificity”), and (c) examine coherence between children’s self-reported emotional experience and observers’ judgments of children’s emotions. One hundred and 20 children (ages 7–9) were video-recorded during a discussion with their mothers. Emotion ratings were obtained for children in 441 episodes. Children’s nonverbal behaviors were judged by observers and coded by FACS-trained researchers. Children’s self-reported emotion corresponded significantly to observers’ judgments of joy, anger, fear, and sadness but not surprise. Multilevel modeling results revealed that children produced joy facial expressions more in joy episodes than nonjoy episodes (supporting intersituational specificity for joy) and more joy and surprise expressions than other emotional expressions in joy and surprise episodes (supporting intrasituational specificity for joy and surprise). However, children produced anger, fear, and sadness expressions more in noncorresponding episodes and produced these expressions less than other expressions in corresponding episodes. Findings suggest that communication of negative emotion during social interactions—as indexed by agreement between self-report and observer judgments—may rely less on prototypic facial expressions than is often theoretically assumed.