The California spotted owl: current state of knowledge
The California spotted owl: current state of knowledge
复制标题
加州斑点猫头鹰：目前的知识状况
DOI：
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发表时间：
2017
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
P. Stine
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
R. J. Gutiérrez;P. Manley;P. Stine
这项保护评估代表了科学家对当前关于加州斑点猫头鹰(Strix Ocsidentalis)的生态学、栖息地利用、种群动态和当前对生存能力的威胁的科学知识的全面审查。它主要基于同行评议发布的信息，重点是自1992年对加州斑点猫头鹰(CASPO)进行第一次技术评估以来出现的新的科学信息。关于居住在内华达山脉的猫头鹰，已经有了大量的新信息和见解，但对于居住在其活动范围的加利福尼亚州中部和南部的种群，存在的信息和见解要少得多。斑点猫头鹰是栖息地专家，与成熟的森林密切相关，这些森林具有多层或复杂的结构，具有较高的树冠覆盖率，以及大量的大树和大的粗木质碎片。大多数加州斑点猫头鹰的栖息地集中在内华达山脉的中海拔森林中，主要由黄皮松(Pinus ponderosa Lawson和C.Lawson)、混交林、白冷杉(Abies concolor(Gord.)&Glend.)林德尔。)和常绿混交林类型。目前，内华达山脉约有200万公顷(约500万ac)的适宜栖息地，其中75%位于国家森林中。这些栖息地条件已被证明与关键的生命率(例如入住率、成虫存活率、繁殖成功)有很强的正相关关系，这些因素推动了种群的持久性。自CASPO以来发表的所有研究都表明，内华达山脉国家森林中的猫头鹰数量在过去20年里有所下降。大多数证据表明，过去一个世纪木材收获和灭火相结合，导致森林的树木密度大大增加，但大直径树木和原木的密度减少，耐荫的火灾敏感树种密度增加，森林燃料增加。这些情况导致栖息地质量下降，栖息地碎片化加剧，并增加了内华达山脉发生严重火灾的风险。气候变化预计将对内华达山脉森林产生重大影响，包括加剧严重火灾的风险和影响，进而可能影响斑点猫头鹰的栖息地和种群。来自新入侵的条纹猫头鹰(Strix Varia)和环境污染物的竞争形式的额外威胁的幽灵，以及关于加州中部和南部种群的信息持续匮乏，进一步引起了人们对加州斑点猫头鹰种群命运的担忧。在内华达山脉及其整个范围内维持有生存能力的斑点猫头鹰种群，将取决于旨在恢复有弹性的森林结构、组成和功能的总体管理战略中嵌入的有效、长期的猫头鹰保护做法，包括减少大规模高强度火灾的风险，同时减少猫头鹰失去栖息地的风险。
This conservation assessment represents a comprehensive review by scientists of the current scientific knowledge about the ecology, habitat use, population dynamics, and current threats to the viability of the California spotted owl (Strix occidentalis). It is based primarily on peer-reviewed published information with an emphasis on new scientific information that has emerged since the first technical assessment for the California spotted owl (CASPO) was conducted in 1992. Substantial new information and insights exist for owls inhabiting the Sierra Nevada, but much less exists for populations inhabiting the central and southern California parts of its range. Spotted owls are habitat specialists that are strongly associated with mature forests that are multistoried or complex in structure, and have high canopy cover, and an abundance of large trees and large coarse woody debris. Most California spotted owl habitat is concentrated in mid-elevation forests of the Sierra Nevada, which consist primarily of ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Lawson and C. Lawson), mixed-conifer, white fir (Abies concolor (Gord. & Glend.) Lindl. ex Hildebr.), and mixed-evergreen forest types. Currently, there are about ~2 million ha (~5 million ac) of suitable habitat in the Sierra Nevada, with 75 percent occurring on national forests. These habitat conditions have been demonstrated to have a strong positive association with key vital rates (e.g., occupancy, adult survival, reproductive success), which drive population persistence. All studies published since CASPO have demonstrated that owl populations on national forests in the Sierra Nevada have declined over the past 20 years. A preponderance of evidence suggests that the past century’s combination of timber harvest and fire suppression has resulted in forests that have a considerably higher density of trees but a reduced density of large-diameter trees and logs, a greater density of shade-tolerant fire-sensitive tree species, and an increase in forest fuels. These conditions have resulted in reduced habitat quality, increated habitat fragmentation, and increased risk of high-severity fire in the Sierra Nevada. Climate change is projected to have significant effects on Sierra Nevada forests, including exacerbating the risk and impacts from high-severity fires, which in turn is likely to affect spotted owl habitat and populations. The specter of additional threats in the form of competition from the newly invading barred owl (Strix varia) and environmental contaminants, as well as the continuing dearth of information on central and southern California populations, further raises concerns about the fate of California spotted owl populations. Maintenance of a viable population of spotted owls in the Sierra Nevada and throughout its range will depend on effective, long-term owl conservation practices embedded in an overall management strategy aimed at restoring resilient forest structure, composition, and function, including reducing the risk of large-scale high-severity fires while reducing the risk of habitat loss to the owls.
影响因子：
56.9
作者：
Westerling, A. L.;Hidalgo, H. G.;Swetnam, T. W.
通讯作者：
Swetnam, T. W.