National Boundaries and the Fragmentation of Governance Systems: Amur-Okhotsk Ecosystem from the Legal and Political Perspective
National Boundaries and the Fragmentation of Governance Systems: Amur-Okhotsk Ecosystem from the Legal and Political Perspective
复制标题
国家边界与治理体系的碎片化：法律和政治视角下的阿穆尔-鄂霍茨克生态系统
DOI：
10.1007/978-4-431-54035-9_12
复制
发表时间：
2012
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Yasunori Hanamatsu
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
近藤光男=志谷匡史編;宮崎裕介;他;近藤光男編著＝伊勢田道仁＝石田眞得＝加藤真朗＝神原浩＝坂野真一＝古川朋雄＝宮崎裕介;加毛明;加毛明;畑中綾子;城山英明;米谷壽代;米谷壽代;米谷壽代;米谷壽代;米谷壽代;米谷壽代;米谷壽代;吉田仁美;田井義信編;Yasunori Hanamatsu;Yasunori Hanamatsu;Yasunori Hanamatsu;Yasunori Hanamatsu;Yasunori Hanamatsu
阿穆尔-鄂霍次克项目（AOP）最近发现，鄂霍次克海和邻近的Oyashio地区的初级生产一直依赖于阿穆尔河的溶解铁运输。在阿穆尔河流域，溶解铁主要来源于湿地和森林。我们的项目阐明了大陆和开放沃茨之间的这种生态联系，并提出了一个新的概念，即“巨型养鱼林”系统。从法律的和政治的角度看，这种“巨型养鱼林”系统内部存在两种不同的边界：一是生态系统边界，二是生态系统边界，三是生态系统边界，四是生态系统边界。国家边界（跨界）和制度边界（治理制度的分散）。由于这些人为的边界，这个生态系统的保护已经被破坏。这一生态系统跨越中国、俄罗斯、蒙古和日本的边界，但这些国家在保护这一系统方面的收益或成本并不相同，导致了“搭便车”。此外，该地区的某些环境方面已由国际和国内法律加以规范，但这些管理制度或已订立，或已独立实施，存在一些重叠和冲突，不足以保护作为一个单一单元的整个“养鱼林”系统。讨论了这两个人为边界所产生的问题，本文件表明，为了有效管理这一生态系统，必须以综合方式协调现有的法律的制度和政策，并促进这一生态系统中各国之间的共同理解。
The Amur-Okhotsk Project (AOP) has recently found that primary production in the Sea of Okhotsk and the neighboring Oyashio region has been dependent on dissolved iron transport from the Amur River. In the Amur River basin, dissolved iron originates mainly from wetlands and forests. Our project has clarified this ecological linkage between the continent and open waters, and proposed a new concept, the“Giant Fish-Breeding Forest” (GFBF)system. The implication is that in order to conserve the marine resources in the Sea of Okhotsk and the Oyashio region, it is also necessary to protect the environment in the Amur River basin, especially wetlands and forests.From the legal and political perspective, this “Giant Fish-Breeding Forest” system has two different kinds of boundaries inside itself; national boundaries (transboundary) and regime boundaries (fragmentation of governance systems). The conservation of this ecosystem has been disrupted as a result of these human-made boundaries. This ecosystem spans borders of China, Russia, Mongolia and Japan, but these countries do not share the same benefits or costs of conserving this system, leading to “free riding.” In addition, some aspects of the environment in this region have already been regulated by international and national laws, but these management regimes have either concluded or have been implemented independently, with some overlap and conflict, and therefore they are inadequate for the conservation of the whole system of the “Giant Fish-Breeding Forest” as a single unit.Discussing the problems resulting from these two human-made boundaries, this paper demonstrates that, in order to manage this ecosystem effectively, it is important to coordinate existing legal systems and policies in an integrated manner and to promote a common understanding among countries in this ecosystem.