Obstructive sleep apnea. A common disorder exacerbated by alcohol.
Obstructive sleep apnea. A common disorder exacerbated by alcohol.
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DOI：
10.1164/arrd.1984.130.2.153
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发表时间：
1984-08
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
J. Remmers
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
J. Remmers
在哺乳动物中，高速率的有氧代谢和贫乏的氧储存联合收割机结合在一起，决定了持续肺通气的需要。这种机械过程的任何中断都会威胁到生存。有节奏的呼吸是由中枢神经系统产生和监督的，其功能状态决定了生物体对呼吸停止或呼吸暂停的易感性。因此，清醒的哺乳动物很少出现呼吸骤停，但在睡眠或麻醉期间，呼吸暂停会造成威胁。呼吸暂停有两种类型：阻塞性和阻塞性。虽然睡眠呼吸暂停的患病率尚未确定，但与睡眠呼吸暂停密切相关的打鼾发生在20%的普通人群和60%的70岁男性中（1）。尽管缺乏证据，但目前几个流行病学和公共卫生特征似乎很清楚。睡眠呼吸暂停是一种相对常见的，可能致命的疾病，其患病率随着年龄的增长而增加（2）。阻塞性类型与男性、肥胖和打鼾密切相关，乙醇、安定和催眠药会使其恶化（3-5）。没有睡眠呼吸暂停的打鼾者可能会在饮酒后出现这种疾病（3，4）。由于酒精的广泛使用，它在加重睡眠呼吸暂停及其相关缺氧中的作用值得特别考虑。博诺拉及其同事在本期《美国人》杂志上发表的报告
In the mammal, a high rate of aerobic metabolism and meager oxygen stores combine to dictate a need for continuous pulmonary ventilation. Any interruption of this mechanical process threatens survival. Rhythmic breathing is generated and supervised by the central nervous system, and its functional state determines the susceptibility of the organism to ventilatory arrest or apnea. Thus, ventilatory arrest is rare in the awake mammal, but apnea poses a threat during sleep or anesthesia. Apneas are of two types: arrhythmic and obstructive. The former occurs because inspiratory efforts cease, and the latter because an occlusion of the upper airway prevents breathing.Although the prevalence of sleep apnea has not been established, a close associate of sleep apnea, snoring, occurs in 20% of the general population and 60% of males in their seventh decade (1). Despite the paucity of evidence, several epidemiologic and public health features seem clear at present. Sleep apnea is a relatively common, potentially fatal disorder, and its prevalence increases with age (2). The obstructive variety bears a close association with maleness, obesity, and snoring, and it is worsened by ethanol, diazepam, and hypnotics (3-5). Snorers without sleep apnea may develop the disorder after alcohol ingestion (3, 4). Because of the widespread use of alcohol, its role in exacerbating sleep apnea and its associated hypoxia deserve particular consideration. The report by Bonora and associates in this issue of the AMERICAN