Training away bias: The differential effects of counterstereotype training and self-regulation on stereotype activation and application
Training away bias: The differential effects of counterstereotype training and self-regulation on stereotype activation and application
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jesp.2017.06.003
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发表时间：
2017-11-01
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Parker, Laura R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Burns, Mason D.;Monteith, Margo J.;Parker, Laura R.
一个紧迫的问题是如何减少因隐性偏见而产生的陈规定型反应和歧视性结果。一种可能性是，认知再训练，如反复练习反刻板印象，可以减少内隐偏见，从而减少刻板印象的应用。另一种可能性涉及有动机的自我调节，即人们意识到自己倾向于有偏见的反应，从而加剧了消极的自我导向影响，这反过来又有助于监测偏见，减少刻板印象的应用。这些可能性在三个实验中进行了测试。在所有实验中，完成反刻板印象训练的参与者随后在内隐偏见的测量中得分较低，相对于未经训练的参与者。在实验1和2中，反刻板印象并没有减少随后的刻板印象的应用，在实验3中，反刻板印象减少刻板印象的应用，但这种效果并不介导的内隐偏见分数。在动机性自我调节条件（实验2和3）的参与者与他们的倾向，以有偏见的方式响应，这增加了参与者的负面自我导向的影响，更内部的动机，以回应没有偏见。参与者的消极自我导向情感程度与内隐偏见得分并不一致。然而，更大的负面自我导向的影响与减少刻板印象的应用程序（实验2）和更大的拒绝种族主义的笑话（实验3）。这些结果表明，通过反刻板印象训练减少内隐偏见，反过来，不会导致刻板印象的应用减少。与此相反，结果支持的可行性动机的自我调节干预措施，促进认识的偏见和提高消极的自我导向的影响，从而创造的动机，自我调节刻板印象的应用。
A pressing issue concerns how to reduce stereotypic responses and discriminatory outcomes resulting from the operation of implicit biases. One possibility is that cognitive retraining, such as by repeatedly practicing counterstereotypes, can reduce implicit bias so that stereotype application will be reduced in turn. Another possibility involves motivated self-regulation, where people's awareness of their proneness to biased responses heightens negative self-directed affect, which in turn facilitates monitoring for biases and reduces stereotype application. These possibilities were tested across three experiments. In all experiments, participants who completed counterstereotype training subsequently scored lower on a measure of implicit bias, relative to untrained participants. In Experiments 1 and 2, counterstereotyping did not reduce subsequent stereotype application; in Experiment 3, counterstereotyping did reduce stereotype application, but this effect was not mediated by implicit bias scores. Participants in the motivated self-regulation condition (Experiments 2 & 3) were primed with their proneness to respond in biased ways, which increased negative self-directed affect among participants more internally motivated to respond without bias. Participants degree of negative self-directed affect was not consistently associated with implicit bias scores. However, greater negative self-directed affect was associated with reduced stereotype application (Experiment 2) and greater rejection of racist jokes (Experiment 3). These results suggest that reductions of implicit bias through counterstereotype training do not, in turn, lead to reduced stereotype application. In contrast, the results support the viability of motivated self-regulation interventions that facilitate awareness of bias and heighten negative self-directed affect, thus creating the motivation to self regulate stereotype application.