Good Modelling of Bad Outputs: Pollution and Multiple-Output Production
Good Modelling of Bad Outputs: Pollution and Multiple-Output Production
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DOI：
10.1561/101.00000021
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发表时间：
2009-01-01
影响因子：
1.8
通讯作者：
Forsund, Finn R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Forsund, Finn R.
材料平衡原则指出了材料投入在生产过程中产生残留物方面的关键作用。污染模型必须具有多产出性质。教科书中使用的输出和输入的最灵活的转换函数太笼统，在污染建模中没有意义。将bad视为输入，尽管可以在宏观层面上作为简化形式进行简化，但隐藏了对各种修改活动的明确考虑。应用非参数效率的方法扩展到包括坏的输出，假设弱处置的坏，有严重的形式上的弱点，以及不满意的会计减排。因子决定的多产出生产可以用来模拟坏的产生，使它们成为与好的产出生产相同的一组输入的函数。一个完整的分类输入的影响残差和上市产品的联合输出，然后得出。工厂确定的多产出生产也可用于模拟管道末端净化，遵守材料平衡原则，从而为政策工具的选择提供详细信息。
The materials-balance principle points to the crucial role of material inputs in generating residuals in production processes. Pollution modelling must be of a multi-output nature. The most flexible transformation function in outputs and inputs used in textbooks is too general to make sense in pollution modelling. Specifying bads as if they are inputs, although may be defendable on a macro level as a reduced form, hides explicit considerations of various modification activities. Applying a non-parametric efficiency approach extended to cover bads as outputs, assuming weak disposability of the bads, has serious formal weaknesses as well as not accounting satisfactorily for abatement. Factorially determined multi-output production may be used to model generation of bads by making them being functions of the same set of inputs as in the production of good outputs. A complete taxonomy of inputs as to the impact on both residuals and marketed products as joint outputs is then derived. Factorially determined multi-output production can also be used to model end-of-pipe purification, observing the materials-balance principle, thus providing detailed information for choice of policy instruments.