Greening Trade Agreements Through Harmonization of Environmental Regulations
Greening Trade Agreements Through Harmonization of Environmental Regulations
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DOI：
10.1007/s10640-023-00787-1
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发表时间：
2023-06-24
影响因子：
5.9
通讯作者：
Takarada, Yasuhiro
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kawabata, Yasushi;Takarada, Yasuhiro
各国越来越多地利用自由贸易协定和关税同盟在环境问题上进行合作，将环境条款纳入区域贸易协定。我们考察了各国是否形成具有区域环境法规的区域贸易协定，并加入具有共同环境法规的多边贸易协定（MTA），以最大限度地提高世界福利。各国政府都征收环境税，以减轻消费差别化商品所造成的负外部性。主要发现是，如果产品差异程度为中等，具有区域环境税协调的深度自由贸易协定可能会成为具有多边环境税协调的MTA的绊脚石。相比之下，即使负消费外部性是跨国界的，具有区域环境税的深度CU也可以作为构建块。
Countries are increasingly using free trade agreements (FTAs) and customs unions (CUs) to cooperate on environmental issues by including environmental provisions in regional trade agreements (RTAs). We examine whether countries form RTAs with regional environmental regulations and join a multilateral trade agreement (MTA) with a common environmental regulation that maximizes world welfare. Each government imposes an environmental tax to mitigate negative externalities caused by the consumption of differentiated goods. The main finding is that a deep FTA with regional harmonization of environmental taxes may act as a stumbling block for an MTA with multilateral harmonization of environmental taxes if the degree of product differentiation is intermediate. In contrast, a deep CU with a regional environmental tax serves as a building block, even if negative consumption externalities are transboundary.