Alterations of cortisol homeostasis may link changes of the sociocultural environment to an increased diabetes and metabolic risk in developing countries: a prospective diagnostic study performed in cooperation with the Ovahimba people of the Kunene region/northwestern Namibia.
Alterations of cortisol homeostasis may link changes of the sociocultural environment to an increased diabetes and metabolic risk in developing countries: a prospective diagnostic study performed in cooperation with the Ovahimba people of the Kunene region/northwestern Namibia.
复制标题
皮质醇稳态的改变可能将发展中国家社会文化环境的变化与糖尿病和代谢风险增加联系起来：与库内内地区/纳米比亚西北部的奥瓦辛巴人合作进行的一项前瞻性诊断研究。
DOI：
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发表时间：
2015
影响因子：
5.8
通讯作者：
A. Wilhelm
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
P. Kann;M. Münzel;P. Hadji;Hanna Daniel;S. Flache;P. Nyarangó;A. Wilhelm
背景
糖尿病对非洲的影响日益严重。
目标
纳米比亚奥瓦辛巴人的城市化与葡萄糖代谢紊乱患病率的增加有关，因此可能归因于皮质醇稳态的变化。
设计
应用了前瞻性、横断面、诊断性研究。
设置
该研究是在实地进行的。糖尿病流行地点：非洲和纳米比亚。
参加者
奥瓦欣巴人：第 1 组“城市”n = 60，42 名女性，46.3 ± 11.3 岁（城镇）；第 2 组“农村”n = 63，其中 44 名女性，51.1 ± 12.0 岁（半游牧民族）。
干预措施
oGTT、日出和日落唾液皮质醇、代谢参数、问卷。
主要成果衡量标准
葡萄糖代谢紊乱（DM、IGT、IFT）的患病率。
结果
糖代谢紊乱患病率差异显着：城市组n=17（28.3%）与农村组n=8（12.7%）（P=0.04）。唾液皮质醇浓度也存在显着差异：日出 0.34 ± 0.18 vs 0.12 ± 0.15 μg/dL，日落 0.18 ± 0.20 vs 0.07 ± 0.09 μg/dL，曲线下面积 6.16 ± 3.48 vs 2.28 ± 2.56 μg/dL * 24 小时（所有 P < 0.001）。城市组的其他代谢参数也发生不利变化：臀围（P < 0.001）、腰围（P < 0.001）、体重指数（P = 0.014）、静息收缩压（P < 0.001）、静息舒张压（P = 0.002）、运动后收缩压（P < 0.001）、运动后心率(P = 0.007)、空腹血糖 (P < 0.001)、OGTT 2 小时血糖 (P = 0.002)、甘油三酯 (P = 0.04)、HDL 胆固醇 (P = 0.014)、代谢综合征患病率 (P < 0.001)。农村组的体力活动量较高，城市组的快餐和甜食摄入量较高。
结论
奥瓦辛巴人的城市化与葡萄糖代谢紊乱和其他不利代谢参数的患病率日益增加有关。除了生活方式的改变之外，这可能是由于生活在城市环境中的奥瓦辛巴人皮质醇暴露增加所致。
CONTEXT
Diabetes mellitus is increasingly affecting Africa.
OBJECTIVE
Urbanization of the Ovahimba people in Namibia is associated with an increased prevalence of disorders of glucose metabolism, and may thus be attributed to changes of cortisol homeostasis.
DESIGN
A prospective, cross-sectional, diagnostic study was applied.
SETTING
The study was conducted in the field. Location of the Diabetes Epidemic: Africa and Namibia.
PARTICIPANTS
Ovahimba people: group 1 "urban" n = 60, 42 females, 46.3 ± 11.3 years (town); group 2 "rural" n = 63, 44 females, 51.1 ± 12.0 years (seminomadic).
INTERVENTIONS
oGTT, sunrise and sunset saliva cortisol, metabolic parameters, questionnaire.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE
The prevalence of disorders of glucose metabolism (DM, IGT, IFT).
RESULTS
The prevalence of disorders of glucose metabolism differed significantly: urban group n = 17(28.3%) vs rural group n = 8(12.7%) (P = 0.04). The saliva cortisol concentrations also differed significantly: sunrise 0.34 ± 0.18 vs 0.12 ± 0.15 μg/dL, sunset 0.18 ± 0.20 vs 0.07 ± 0.09 μg/dL, area under the curve 6.16 ± 3.48 vs 2.28 ± 2.56 μg/dL * 24 h (all P < 0.001). Further metabolic parameters were unfavorably changed in the urban group: hip circumference (P < 0.001), waist circumference (P < 0.001), body mass index (P = 0.014), systolic BP at rest (P < 0.001), diastolic BP at rest (P = 0.002), systolic BP after exercise (P < 0.001), heart rate after exercise (P = 0.007), fasting glucose (P < 0.001), 2-h-glucose by OGTT (P = 0.002), triglycerides (P = 0.04), HDL-cholesterol (P = 0.014), prevalence of the metabolic syndrome (P < 0.001). Physical activity was higher in the rural group, and intake of fast food and sweets were higher in the urban group.
CONCLUSIONS
Urbanization of the Ovahimba people is associated with an increasing prevalence of disorders of glucose metabolism and other unfavorable metabolic parameters. Besides changes of lifestyle, this may be attributed to an increased cortisol exposure of the Ovahimba people living in an urban environment.
在津巴布韦，内在的种族主义与成年女性样本中的空腹血糖升高有关，但与男性样本中的空腹血糖升高无关。
影响因子：
3.2
作者：
Tull,EugeneS;Cort,MalcolmA;Gwebu,EphraimT;Gwebu,Keratiloe
通讯作者：
Gwebu,Keratiloe
内化种族主义水平高低的女性感知压力、应对行为和皮质醇分泌之间的关系。
影响因子：
3.3
作者：
Tull,EugeneS;Sheu,Yah-Tyng;Butler,Cleve;Cornelious,Karimah
通讯作者：
Cornelious,Karimah
在生活在美属维尔京群岛的两组黑人中，文化适应和社会心理压力与胰岛素抵抗（HOMA）和身体脂肪分布存在不同的关系。
影响因子：
3.3
作者：
Tull,EugeneS;Thurland,Anne;LaPorte,RonaldE;Chambers,EarleC
通讯作者：
Chambers,EarleC