Disarming Fears of Diversity: Ethnic Heterogeneity and State Militarization, 1988—2002
Disarming Fears of Diversity: Ethnic Heterogeneity and State Militarization, 1988—2002
复制标题
消除对多样性的恐惧：种族异质性和国家军事化，1988—2002
DOI：
10.1177/0022343308091358
复制
发表时间：
2006
影响因子：
3.6
通讯作者：
E. Neumayer
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Indra de Soysa;E. Neumayer
本研究调查种族和其他形式的社会多样性是否影响社会军事化。最近的经济学研究发现，高度多样性会导致公共物品的提供减少。与此同时，许多冲突研究发现，与相对更加同质的人口相比，高度多元化的社会面临内战的风险较低。作者探讨了多样性是否会促使政府大力军事化，以防止武装冲突，从而在“大炮与黄油”的权衡中挤出其他公共产品的支出。因此，“预防性军事化”可以解释这两种结果。然而作者发现了相反的情况：种族多样性水平越高，军事化水平就越低。如果正如许多人发现的那样，高度多样性降低了内战的危险，那么预防性军事化就不会发生内战。如果多元化社会在公共物品上的支出减少，那么这并不是因为它们被安全支出排挤。结果支持了那些认为多样性实际上可能对国家构成较低安全威胁的观点，因为面临潜在社会冲突的国家很可能会优先考虑国家军事化。
This study investigates whether ethnic and other forms of social diversity affect militarization of society. Recent scholarship in economics finds that high diversity leads to lower provision of public goods. At the same time, many conflict studies find that highly diverse societies face a lower risk of civil war, as opposed to relatively more homogenous populations. The authors explore whether diversity prompts governments to militarize heavily in order to prevent armed conflict, which would then crowd out spending on other public goods in a `guns versus butter' trade-off. Thus, `preventive militarization' would explain both outcomes. Yet the authors find the opposite: higher levels of ethnic diversity predict lower levels of militarization. If high diversity lowers the hazard of civil war, as many find, then it does not happen via preventive militarization. If diverse societies spend less on public goods, then this is not because they are crowded out by security spending. The results support those who suggest that diversity may, in fact, pose a lower security threat to states, since it is highly likely that states facing potential social strife would prioritize state militarization.