Ethnic Minority Development in Vietnam: A Socioeconomic Perspective
Ethnic Minority Development in Vietnam: A Socioeconomic Perspective
复制标题
越南少数民族发展：社会经济视角
DOI：
10.1596/1813-9450-2836
复制
发表时间：
2002
期刊：
影响因子：
5.3
通讯作者：
Truong Thi Kim Chuyen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
B. Baulch;D. Haughton;J. Haughton;Truong Thi Kim Chuyen
作者研究了越南不同民族之间生活水平差异的最新定量证据。根据1998年越南生活水平调查和1999年人口普查的数据，他们表明京族和华族（“多数”）家庭的生活水平远远高于越南其他52个民族的“少数”家庭。作者将人口细分为五大类，发现京族、华族、高棉族和北部高地少数民族从20世纪90年代的经济增长中受益，而中部高地少数民族的增长却停滞不前。进一步细分后，他们发现，生活水平提高最快的少数民族，入学率最高，与京族伴侣通婚的可能性最大，信仰宗教的可能性最小。然后，作者估计并分解了一组支出回归，这些回归表明，即使少数民族家庭拥有与京族家庭相同的禀赋，这也不会超过人均支出差距的三分之一。虽然一些少数民族似乎在文化和经济上与京化族同化的策略上做得很好，但其他群体正试图在保持独特文化身份的同时在经济上融入。第三个群体由中部高地的少数民族组成，包括苗族人，在人口增长过程中基本上被抛在了后面。不同少数民族社会经济发展经验的这种多样性表明，在旨在帮助他们的政策干预方面也需要同样的多样性。
The authors examine the latest quantitative evidence on disparities in living standards between and among different ethnic groups in Vietnam. Using data from the 1998 Vietnam Living Standards Survey and 1999 Census, they show that Kinh and Hoa ("majority") households have substantially higher living standards than"minority"households from Vietnam's other 52 ethnic groups. Subdividing the population into five broad categories, the authors find that while the Kinh, Hoa, Khmer, and Northern Highland minorities have benefited from economic growth in the 1990s, the growth of Central Highland minorities has stagnated. Disaggregating further, they find that the same ethnic groups whose living standards have risen fastest are those that have the highest school enrollment rates, are most likely to intermarry with Kinh partners, and are the least likely to practice a religion. The authors then estimate and decompose a set of expenditure regressions which show that even if minority households had the same endowments as Kinh households, this would close no more than a third of the gap in per capita expenditures. While some ethnic minorities seem to be doing well with a strategy of assimilating (both culturally and economically) with the Kinh-Hoa majority, other groups are attempting to integrate economically while retaining distinct cultural identities. A third group comprising the Central Highland minorities, including the Hmong, is largely being left behind by the growth process. Such diversity in the socioeconomic development experiences of the different ethnic minorities indicates the need for similar diversity in the policy interventions that are designed to assist them.