Supply chain inventory management and the value of shared information
Supply chain inventory management and the value of shared information
复制标题
DOI：
10.1287/mnsc.46.8.1032.12029
复制
发表时间：
2000-08-01
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
Fisher, M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cachon, GP;Fisher, M
在传统的供应链库存管理中，订单是企业唯一交换的信息，但现在信息技术允许企业快速且廉价地共享需求和库存数据。我们研究了在一个供应商、N个完全相同的零售商和平稳随机消费者需求的模型中共享这些数据的价值。有库存持有：成本和延交订单惩罚成本。我们将不使用共享信息的传统信息策略与利用共享信息的完全信息策略进行比较。在数值研究中，我们发现完全信息策略下的供应链成本比传统信息策略下的供应链成本平均低2.2%，最大差异为12.1%。我们还开发了一个基于模拟的所有可行策略的下界。传统信息政策和信息共享下限之间的成本差异是信息共享价值的上限：在同一项研究中，这一差异平均为3.4%，不超过13.8%。我们将信息共享的价值与信息技术的另外两个好处进行了对比，即更快和更便宜的订单处理，这分别导致了更短的交货期和更小的批量。在我们的样本中，将交货期缩短近一半平均可降低21%的成本，将批次缩短一半可平均降低22%的成本。对于我们研究的环境，我们得出的结论是，实施信息技术来加速和畅通供应链中的商品实体流动，比使用信息技术来扩大信息流要有显著的价值。
In traditional supply chain inventory management, orders are the only information firms exchange, but information technology now allows firms to share demand and inventory data quickly and inexpensively. We study the value of sharing these data in a model with one supplier, N identical retailers, and stationary stochastic consumer demand. There are inventory holding: costs and back-order penalty costs. We compare a traditional information policy that does not use shared information with a full information policy that does exploit shared information. in a numerical study we find that supply chain costs are 2.2% lower on average with the full information policy than with the traditional information policy, and the maximum difference is 12.1%. We also develop a simulation-based lower bound over all feasible policies. The cost difference between the traditional information policy and the lower bound is an upper bound on the value of information sharing: Ln the same study, that difference is 3.4% on average, and no more than 13.8%. We contrast the value of information sharing with two other benefits of information technology, faster and cheaper order processing, which lead to shorter lead times and smaller batch sizes, respectively. In our sample, cutting lead times nearly in half reduces costs by 21% on average, and cutting batches in half reduces costs by 22% on average. For the settings we study, we conclude that implementing information technology to accelerate and smooth the physical flow of goods through a supply chain is significantly more valuable than using information technology to expand the flow of information.