The cranial anatomy, ontogeny, and relationships of Karpinskiosaurus secundus (Amalitzky) (Seymouriamorpha, Karpinskiosauridae) from the Upper Permian of European Russia
The cranial anatomy, ontogeny, and relationships of Karpinskiosaurus secundus (Amalitzky) (Seymouriamorpha, Karpinskiosauridae) from the Upper Permian of European Russia
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俄罗斯欧洲上二叠统卡宾斯基龙（Amalitzky）（Seymouriamorpha，卡宾斯基龙科）的颅骨解剖结构、个体发育和关系
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发表时间：
2011
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通讯作者：
Jozef Klembara
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作者：
Jozef Klembara
来自俄罗斯欧洲的上二叠纪西摩形态四足动物卡尔平斯基龙包括两种：第二卡尔平斯基龙和最后卡尔平斯基龙。第二卡尔平斯基龙有两个头骨长度约为75毫米的标本。所有标本中，最后一种都比第二种要小。对所有已知的卡尔平斯基龙标本和一些新发现的卡尔平斯基龙标本的颅骨解剖结构进行了修正，结果表明，卡尔平斯基龙标本和大部分卡尔平斯基龙标本属于同一物种的个体发生系。最终库氏龙的原型标本需要修改，目的是找出它是否代表卡尔平斯基龙的第二个物种。现有的材料允许对最大的全型颅骨和一个长度约为36毫米的较小颅骨进行新的重建。第二卡尔平斯基龙首次被纳入进化分析。分析表明，它是dissauriscidae的姊妹类群。第二卡平斯基龙和dissauriscidae组成的分支是seymuridae的姐妹群。第二卡尔平斯基龙的眶后区域很大，眶前区域很短，眼眶位于颅骨前半部分的后部。在所有的西摩拟龙中，只有已知的最大的奥地利dissauriscus标本显示出这样的头骨比例。这里所描述的白杨标本都没有表现出感觉沟槽的存在；因此，所有的标本组成的个体发生序列被认为是陆生的。
The Upper Permian seymouriamorph tetrapod Karpinskiosaurus from European Russia includes two species: Karpinskiosaurus secundus and Karpinskiosaurus ultimus. Karpinskiosaurus secundus is represented by two specimens with skull lengths of about 75 mm. All specimens of K. ultimus are smaller than those of K. secundus. Revision of the cranial anatomy of all previously known and several new specimens of Karpinskiosaurus shows that the specimens of K. secundus and most of the specimens of K. ultimus represent the ontogenetic series of one species: K. secundus. The holotype specimen of K. ultimus requires revision, with the aim to find out whether it represents a second species of Karpinskiosaurus or not. The available material permits new reconstructions of the largest, holotype skull, and one smaller skull with a length of about 36 mm. Karpinskiosaurus secundus is included in a cladistic analysis for the first time here. The analysis shows it to form a sister taxon to Discosauriscidae. The clade comprising Karpinskiosaurus secundus plus Discosauriscidae forms a sister group to Seymouriidae. Karpinskiosaurus secundus has a large postorbital and a short preorbital region, and the orbits are placed in the posterior portion of the anterior half of the skull length. Among all seymouriamorphs, such cranial proportions are exhibited only by the largest known specimens of Discosauriscus austriacus. None of the specimens of K. secundus described here exhibits the presence of sensory grooves; thus, all specimens composing the ontogenetic sequence of K. secundus are considered to be terrestrial.
© 2010 The Linnean Society of London, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2010.