Conflicts between traditional pastoralism and conservation of Himalayan ibex (Capra sibirica) in the Trans-Himalayan mountains
Conflicts between traditional pastoralism and conservation of Himalayan ibex (Capra sibirica) in the Trans-Himalayan mountains
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DOI：
10.1017/s1367943003001148
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发表时间：
2004-05-01
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Bhatnagar, YV
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Bagchi, S;Mishra, C;Bhatnagar, YV
最近有证据表明，家畜通过施加资源限制，耗尽了外喜马拉雅寒冷沙漠中野生食草动物的密度和多样性。为了确定喜马拉雅山羊(Capra SiBirica)面临的7种家畜威胁的程度和性质，我们在印度喜马拉雅斯皮提地区平谷国家公园的牧场上研究了它们在空间、栖息地和食物维度上的资源利用模式。通过直接观察获得了物种的食性分布。我们使用非度量多维标度来评估ibex和家畜在栖息地使用和饮食方面的相似性。我们通过研究家畜在牧场上复盖的细胞中的共生模式来估计家畜的空间分布对ibex栖息地和食物选择的影响。观察到的IBEX和牲畜在细胞中共存的情况与通过蒙特卡罗模拟产生的零模型进行了比较。结果表明，山羊和绵羊对野山羊施加了资源限制，并将它们排除在某些牧场之外。在剩下的合适栖息地，野山羊与马分享饲料。IBEX相对不受其他牲畜的影响，如牦牛、驴和牛。然而，大多数牲畜从牧场上移走了大量的牧草(某些物种每天近250公斤的干物质)，从而减少了野山羊的饲料供应。根据公园的多种用途和该区域当前的社会经济转型，讨论了相关的保护问题，这要求将社会和生态反馈纳入管理规划。
There is recent evidence to suggest that domestic livestock deplete the density and diversity of wild herbivores in the cold deserts of the Trans-Himalaya by imposing resource limitations. To ascertain the degree and nature of threats faced by Himalayan ibex (Capra sibirica) from seven livestock species, we studied their resource use patterns over space, habitat and food dimensions in the pastures of Pin Valley National Park in the Spiti region of the Indian Himalaya. Species diet profiles were obtained by direct observations. We assessed the similarity in habitat use and diets of ibex and livestock using Non-Metric Multidimensional Scaling. We estimated the influence of the spatial distribution of livestock on habitat and diet choice of ibex by examining their co-occurrence patterns in cells overlaid on the pastures. The observed co-occurrence of ibex and livestock in cells was compared with null-models generated through Monte Carlo simulations. The results suggest that goats and sheep impose resource limitations on ibex and exclude them from certain pastures. In the remaining suitable habitat, ibex share forage with horses. Ibex remained relatively unaffected by other livestock such as yaks, donkeys and cattle. However, most livestock removed large amounts of forage from the pastures (nearly 250 kg of dry matter/day by certain species), thereby reducing forage availability for ibex. Pertinent conservation issues are discussed in the light of multiple-use of parks and current socio-economic transitions in the region, which call for integrating social and ecological feedback into management planning.