Red colouration in apple fruit is due to the activity of the MYB transcription factor, MdMYB10.
Red colouration in apple fruit is due to the activity of the MYB transcription factor, MdMYB10.
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1365-313x.2006.02964.x
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发表时间：
2007-02
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Allan AC
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Espley RV;Hellens RP;Putterill J;Stevenson DE;Kutty-Amma S;Allan AC
花色素苷浓度是许多水果颜色的重要决定因素。在苹果中，几个世纪的育种已经产生了许多品种，其中花青素色素的水平变化很大，并且会随着环境和发育刺激而变化。苹果果实皮层通常是无色的，尽管确实存在由于花青素或类胡萝卜素的积累而使皮层高度着色的种质。从对多种植物物种的研究来看，很明显花青素苷的生物合成是在转录水平上控制的。在这里，我们报告的花青素生物合成基因的转录水平在红肉苹果与白色果肉品种相比。我们还描述了一个苹果MYB转录因子，MdMYB 10，这是类似的序列在其他物种中已知的花青素调节。我们进一步表明，这种转录因子可以诱导花青素积累在异源和同源系统中，产生色素斑在烟草叶和高度色素苹果植物稳定转化后的组成型表达MdMYB 10的瞬时测定。在瞬时测定中，MdMYB 10对花青素苷生物合成的有效诱导依赖于来自苹果的两种不同的bHLH蛋白MdbHLH 3和MdbHLH 33的共表达。在果实发育过程中MdMYB 10的表达和苹果花青素水平之间的强相关性表明，该转录因子是负责控制苹果果实中花青素的生物合成;在红肉品种和其他品种的皮肤中，有一个诱导MdMYB 10的表达与颜色形成过程中。MdMYB 10的表征对于通过经典育种或生物技术方法开发新品种具有意义。
Anthocyanin concentration is an important determinant of the colour of many fruits. In apple (Malus × domestica), centuries of breeding have produced numerous varieties in which levels of anthocyanin pigment vary widely and change in response to environmental and developmental stimuli. The apple fruit cortex is usually colourless, although germplasm does exist where the cortex is highly pigmented due to the accumulation of either anthocyanins or carotenoids. From studies in a diverse array of plant species, it is apparent that anthocyanin biosynthesis is controlled at the level of transcription. Here we report the transcript levels of the anthocyanin biosynthetic genes in a red-fleshed apple compared with a white-fleshed cultivar. We also describe an apple MYB transcription factor, MdMYB10, that is similar in sequence to known anthocyanin regulators in other species. We further show that this transcription factor can induce anthocyanin accumulation in both heterologous and homologous systems, generating pigmented patches in transient assays in tobacco leaves and highly pigmented apple plants following stable transformation with constitutively expressed MdMYB10. Efficient induction of anthocyanin biosynthesis in transient assays by MdMYB10 was dependent on the co-expression of two distinct bHLH proteins from apple, MdbHLH3 and MdbHLH33. The strong correlation between the expression of MdMYB10 and apple anthocyanin levels during fruit development suggests that this transcription factor is responsible for controlling anthocyanin biosynthesis in apple fruit; in the red-fleshed cultivar and in the skin of other varieties, there is an induction of MdMYB10 expression concurrent with colour formation during development. Characterization of MdMYB10 has implications for the development of new varieties through classical breeding or a biotechnological approach.