Nonthermal fixed points, vortex statistics, and superfluid turbulence in an ultracold Bose gas
Nonthermal fixed points, vortex statistics, and superfluid turbulence in an ultracold Bose gas
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DOI：
10.1103/physreva.85.043627
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发表时间：
2011-11
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
B. Nowak;Jan Schole;D. Sexty;T. Gasenzer
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
B. Nowak;Jan Schole;D. Sexty;T. Gasenzer
在二维和三维空间中分析了远离热平衡的稀薄简并玻色气体动力学的非热不动点。详细研究了以前在非微扰量子场论方法中发现的、最近被证明与涡旋动力学和超流湍流有关的普适幂律分布[Phys. Rev. B 84，020506（R）（2011）]。结果意味着解释的标度行为的独立涡激发的超流体和拓扑激发的统计可以描述的波动湍流的框架。发现在单粒子动量分布中观察到的特定标度指数与不可逆性以及波相互作用所遵守的守恒定律是一致的。此外，长波长的声学激励的涡旋轴承冷凝物，驱动的涡旋湮灭，发现遵循非热幂律。在统计模式中考虑涡的相关性，长时间偏离非热不动点与涡-反涡配对有关。所研究的非热不动点可在冷气体实验中得到。这些结果揭示了超流湍流的基本方面，并对相关现象具有很强的潜在影响，例如，早期宇宙膨胀或夸克-胶子等离子体动力学。
Nonthermal fixed points of the dynamics of a dilute degenerate Bose gas far from thermal equilibrium are analyzed in two and three spatial dimensions. Universal power-law distributions, previously found within a nonperturbative quantum-field theoretical approach and recently shown to be related to vortical dynamics and superfluid turbulence [Phys. Rev. B 84, 020506(R) (2011)], are studied in detail. The results imply an interpretation of the scaling behavior in terms of independent vortex excitations of the superfluid and show that the statistics of topological excitations can be described in the framework of wave turbulence. The particular scaling exponents observed in the single-particle momentum distributions are found to be consistent with irreversibility as well as conservation laws obeyed by the wave interactions. Moreover, long-wavelength acoustic excitations of the vortex-bearing condensate, driven by vortex annihilations, are found to follow a nonthermal power law. Considering vortex correlations in a statistical model, the long-time departure from the nonthermal fixed point is related to vortex-antivortex pairing. The studied nonthermal fixed points are accessible in cold-gas experiments. The results shed light on fundamental aspects of superfluid turbulence and have strong potential implications for related phenomena, e.g., in early-universe inflation or quark-gluon plasma dynamics.