Design principles for origin-destination flow maps
Design principles for origin-destination flow maps
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DOI：
10.1080/15230406.2016.1262280
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发表时间：
2018-01
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
B. Jenny;Daniel M. Stephen;Ian Muehlenhaus;Brooke E. Marston;R. Sharma;E. Zhang;H. Jenny
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
B. Jenny;Daniel M. Stephen;Ian Muehlenhaus;Brooke E. Marston;R. Sharma;E. Zhang;H. Jenny
摘要由于流量重叠，来源-目的地流量图通常难以阅读。制图员已经为起点-目的地流程图制定了手工制图的设计原则，以减少重叠并增加可读性。这些设计原则是通过对97个没有分支或合并流程的地理来源-目的地流程图的定量内容分析来确定和记录的。选定的设计原则的有效性在215名参与者的用户研究中得到了验证。研究结果表明：(A)弯曲流动比直线流动更有效；(B)箭头指示方向比锥形线宽更有效；(C)节点之间的流动比区域之间的流动更有效。这些发现，结合用户在图形绘制方面的研究结果，得出以下设计原则：最大限度地减少流之间的重叠；对称流优于非对称流；较长的流比较短或外围的流更倾向于弯曲；避免交叉流动之间的锐角；流线避免急剧弯曲；流动不会从未连接的节点下通过；流动在节点周围呈放射状分布；流动方向用箭头指示；流动宽度根据所表示的数量进行缩放。
ABSTRACT Origin-destination flow maps are often difficult to read due to overlapping flows. Cartographers have developed design principles in manual cartography for origin-destination flow maps to reduce overlaps and increase readability. These design principles are identified and documented using a quantitative content analysis of 97 geographic origin-destination flow maps without branching or merging flows. The effectiveness of selected design principles is verified in a user study with 215 participants. Findings show that (a) curved flows are more effective than straight flows, (b) arrows indicate direction more effectively than tapered line widths, and (c) flows between nodes are more effective than flows between areas. These findings, combined with results from user studies in graph drawing, conclude that effective and efficient origin-destination flow maps should be designed according to the following design principles: overlaps between flows are minimized; symmetric flows are preferred to asymmetric flows; longer flows are curved more than shorter or peripheral flows; acute angles between crossing flows are avoided; sharp bends in flow lines are avoided; flows do not pass under unconnected nodes; flows are radially distributed around nodes; flow direction is indicated with arrowheads; and flow width is scaled with represented quantity.