Innate immune defenses in the intestinal tract
Innate immune defenses in the intestinal tract
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DOI：
10.1097/mog.0b013e32803cadf4
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发表时间：
2007-03-01
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Eckmann, Lars
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dann, Sara M.;Eckmann, Lars
综述目的肠道先天性防御对于防止摄入和消化道微生物非常重要。本文综述了近年来对肠道内天然免疫效应物的研究进展。最新发现肠道上皮细胞，特别是潘氏细胞，是肠道内多种抗菌肽和蛋白质的主要生产者。其中最丰富和多样的是防御素。它们在体外具有高度杀微生物作用，在体内可能也很重要，但它们的生理功能仍不完全清楚。相对防御素缺乏可能是克罗恩病和感染性腹泻的危险因素。Cathelicidin有助于粘膜防御上皮粘附的细菌病原体，并有助于设定生产性感染的阈值。杀菌/渗透诱导蛋白具有脂多糖中和能力，当在上皮细胞中过表达时杀死细菌。抵抗素样分子p由于其抑制蠕虫趋化性的能力而在对抗蠕虫的粘膜防御中是重要的。抗微生物凝集素，特别是肝癌-胰腺/胰腺相关蛋白，RegIII，和intelectin，可以裂解细菌或干扰他们的附着到epithelial cells.Summary发现一组不断扩大的抗微生物效应支持进化的重要性先天肠道防御微生物的威胁，但也强调了生理和药理需要更好地了解这些分子的各自功能。
Purpose of review Innate intestinal defenses are important for protection against ingested and commensal microbes. This review highlights recent new insights into innate immune effectors in the intestine.Recent findings Intestinal epithelial cells, particularly Paneth cells, are the major producers of multiple peptides and proteins with antimicrobial activity in the intestine. The most abundant and diverse of these are the defensins. They are highly microbicidal in vitro and probably important in vivo, yet their physiologic functions remain incompletely understood. Relative defensin deficiency may be a risk factor for Crohn's disease and infectious diarrhea. Cathelicidin contributes to mucosal defense against epithelial-adherent bacterial pathogens, and helps to set a threshold for productive infection. Bactericidal/permeability-inducing protein has lipopolysaccharide-neutralizing capacity and kills bacteria when overexpressed in epithelial cells. Resistin-like molecule p is important in mucosal defense against helminths due to its ability to inhibit worm chemotaxis. Antimicrobial lectins, particularly hepatocarcinomaintestine-pancreas/pancreatic-associated protein, RegIII, and intelectin, can lyse bacteria or interfere with their attachment to epithelial cells.Summary Discovery of an expanding set of antimicrobial effectors supports the evolutionary importance of innate intestinal defenses against microbial threats, but also underlines the physiologic and pharmacologic need for a better understanding of the respective functions of these molecules.