The late biting habit of parous Anopheles mosquitoes and pre-bedtime exposure of humans to infective female mosquitoes
The late biting habit of parous Anopheles mosquitoes and pre-bedtime exposure of humans to infective female mosquitoes
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DOI：
10.1016/s0035-9203(96)90465-4
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发表时间：
1996-01-01
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Alpers, M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bockarie, MJ;Alexander, N;Alpers, M
采用通宵登陆捕捉法（18：00-06：00），对塞拉利昂的冈比亚按蚊和A. punctulatus在巴布亚新几内亚，经产的女性有一种倾向，咬晚于未经生产的。感染子孢子的A.还研究了punctulatus。恶性疟原虫和间日疟原虫的子孢子率分别为1.8%和1.4%，但在18：00 ~ 21：00之间，76例感染恶性疟原虫的雌虫中仅1例（1.3%）被捕获。同期捕获的感染间日疟原虫的蚊子比例显着较高（11.6%）。本文讨论了感染恶性疟原虫的蚊子的晚叮习性与经产和未经产雌蚊不同叮习性的关系。我们得出一个假设，即在按蚊叮咬周期较晚且产犊率较低的地区，在睡前（18：00-22：00）接触感染恶性疟原虫的蚊子的几率非常低。这一假设可以解释为什么在季节性传播地区，未经产的女性往往占主导地位，而不是在常年传播地区，其中经产的女性通常更多，经杀虫剂处理的蚊帐更好地保护儿童。同样的假设也与在巴布亚新几内亚发现的情况相符，即浸有杀虫剂的蚊帐对恶性疟原虫的保护作用大于对间日疟原虫疟疾的保护作用。
Using the all-night landing catch method (18:00-06:00) we showed, for Anopheles gambiae in Sierra Leone and A. punctulatus in Papua New Guinea, that parous females have a tendency to bite later than nulliparous ones. The biting habit of sporozoite-infected A. punctulatus was also investigated. The sporozoite rates for Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax were 1.8 and 1.4% respectively, but only one (1.3%) of 76 females infected with P. falciparum was caught between 18:00 and 21:00. A significantly higher proportion (11.6%) of mosquitoes infected with P. vivax was caught in the same period. The late biting habit of mosquitoes infected with P. falciparum is discussed in relation to the differential biting habits of parous and nulliparous females. We conclude with a hypothesis that, in areas where Anopheles mosquitoes have a late-biting cycle and low parous rate, exposure to mosquitoes infected with P. falciparum during the pre-bedtime period (18:00-22:00) is very low. This hypothesis could explain why insecticide-treated bed nets protect children better in areas of seasonal transmission, where nulliparous females tend to predominate, than in areas of perennial transmission, where parous females are usually more numerous. The same hypothesis is compatible with the finding in Papua New Guinea that insecticide-impregnated bed nets are more protective against P. falciparum than against P. vivax malaria.