Surrogate alcohol: What do we know and where do we go?
Surrogate alcohol: What do we know and where do we go?
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1530-0277.2007.00474.x
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发表时间：
2007-10-01
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Gmel, Gerhard
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lachenmeier, Dirk W.;Rehm, Juergen;Gmel, Gerhard
替代酒精（即非饮料酒精和非法生产的酒精）的消费被证明会影响不同的死亡原因，而不仅仅是中毒或肝病，并且似乎是俄罗斯和其他地方的一个主要公共卫生问题。我们对“替代酒精”的化学成分和健康后果进行了计算机辅助文献综述，并确定了 70 多篇参考文献。 “替代酒精”一词得到了更广泛的定义，包括非饮料酒精和含有非饮料酒精的非法生产的酒精。替代酒精可能含有导致严重健康后果（包括死亡）的物质。已知的有毒成分包括可能导致慢性中毒的铅和导致急性中毒的甲醇。另一方面，高级醇（例如丙醇、异丁醇和异戊醇）在替代相关疾病的病因学中的作用目前尚不清楚。在最近的研究中，还不清楚替代物的其他成分是否比乙醇的影响更导致高全因死亡率。鉴于替代酒精的消费对公共卫生具有高度重要性，需要进一步了解其化学成分，并应优先研究其与各种疾病终点的联系。此时可以采取一些干预措施来减少替代酒精造成的危害。例如，工业酒精中应废除使用甲醇或含甲醇的木酒精。其他可能的替代品（例如汽车产品）应使用苦味剂处理以避免食用。
Consumption of surrogate alcohols (i.e., nonbeverage alcohols and illegally produced alcohols) was shown to impact on different causes of death, not only poisoning or liver disease, and appears to be a major public health problem in Russia and elsewhere.A computer-assisted literature review on chemical composition and health consequences of "surrogate alcohol" was conducted and more than 70 references were identified. A wider definition of the term "surrogate alcohol" was derived, including both nonbeverage alcohols and illegally produced alcohols that contain nonbeverage alcohols.Surrogate alcohol may contain substances that cause severe health consequences including death. Known toxic constituents include lead, which may lead to chronic toxicity, and methanol, which leads to acute poisoning. On the other hand, the role of higher alcohols (e.g., propanol, isobutanol, and isoamyl alcohol) in the etiology of surrogate-associated diseases is currently unclear. Whether other constituents of surrogates have contributed to the high all-cause mortality over and above the effect of ethanol in recent studies also remains unclear.Given the high public health importance associated with the consumption of surrogate alcohols, further knowledge on its chemical composition is required as well as research on its links to various disease endpoints should be undertaken with priority. Some interventions to reduce the harm resulting from surrogate alcohol could be undertaken already at this point. For example, the use of methanol or methanol-containing wood alcohol should be abolished in denatured alcohol. Other possible surrogates (e.g., automobile products) should be treated with bittering agents to avoid consumption.