Arthropods Under Pressure: Stress Responses and Immunity at the Pathogen-Vector Interface.
Arthropods Under Pressure: Stress Responses and Immunity at the Pathogen-Vector Interface.
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DOI：
10.3389/fimmu.2020.629777
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发表时间：
2020
影响因子：
7.3
通讯作者：
Shaw DK
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Rosche KL;Sidak-Loftis LC;Hurtado J;Fisk EA;Shaw DK
了解是什么影响了一些节肢动物窝藏和传播病原体的能力，可能是控制病媒传播疾病传播的关键。节肢动物的免疫力在决定媒介对病原体的获取和传播能力方面起着核心作用。微生物感染激发免疫反应，并通过引起物理损伤和营养剥夺对宿主施加压力，这触发了旨在恢复细胞稳态的进化保守的压力反应途径。最近的研究越来越多地认识到，真核生物的应激反应和先天免疫是密切相关的。在这里，我们描述了两个良好的特征和进化保守的机制，未折叠蛋白质反应（UPR）和综合应激反应（ISR），并检查这些应激反应影响免疫信号传导的证据。然后，我们描述了多种病原体，包括媒介传播的微生物，接口与哺乳动物的应激反应。由于UPR和ISR的保守性，我们推测类似的机制可能发生在节肢动物载体，并最终影响载体的能力。我们得出结论认为，新的见解载体能力时，将出现压力信号通路可能会影响节肢动物免疫网络的角度。
Understanding what influences the ability of some arthropods to harbor and transmit pathogens may be key for controlling the spread of vector-borne diseases. Arthropod immunity has a central role in dictating vector competence for pathogen acquisition and transmission. Microbial infection elicits immune responses and imparts stress on the host by causing physical damage and nutrient deprivation, which triggers evolutionarily conserved stress response pathways aimed at restoring cellular homeostasis. Recent studies increasingly recognize that eukaryotic stress responses and innate immunity are closely intertwined. Herein, we describe two well-characterized and evolutionarily conserved mechanisms, the Unfolded Protein Response (UPR) and the Integrated Stress Response (ISR), and examine evidence that these stress responses impact immune signaling. We then describe how multiple pathogens, including vector-borne microbes, interface with stress responses in mammals. Owing to the well-conserved nature of the UPR and ISR, we speculate that similar mechanisms may be occurring in arthropod vectors and ultimately impacting vector competence. We conclude this Perspective by positing that novel insights into vector competence will emerge when considering that stress-signaling pathways may be influencing the arthropod immune network.