Four Components of a Manuscript Reporting Qualitative Empirical Studies: A Brief Overview
Four Components of a Manuscript Reporting Qualitative Empirical Studies: A Brief Overview
复制标题
报告定性实证研究的手稿的四个组成部分：简要概述
DOI：
--
复制
发表时间：
2013
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
T. Rocco
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Maria S. Plakhotnik;T. Rocco
在学术期刊上发表论文具有挑战性，因为论文被退稿率很高。三分之一的拒绝率可以归因于糟糕的组织（McKercher，Law，Weber，Song和Hsu，2007）。本文讨论了报告定性实证研究的四个组成部分，以指导研究人员在开发一个合乎逻辑的手稿。“研究是任何研究领域发展的核心”（梅里亚姆和辛普森，2000年，第1页）。为了对研究领域做出贡献，研究需要在会议上提出，并最终在同行评审的期刊上发表，以接触更广泛的国内和国际受众。与学术受众分享研究成果是研究的最终和焦点（美国心理学会[阿帕]，2001）。在学术期刊上发表论文也有助于有经验的和新手研究人员建立和推进他们的学术生涯，例如获得晋升和获得终身职位（奇泽姆，2007）。然而，由于高达90%的高退稿率，在学术期刊上发表是一个具有挑战性和压力的过程（McKercher等人，2007年）。导致如此高的拒绝率的提交的核心缺陷之一是糟糕的手稿组织。具体而言，组织不良导致高达三分之一（34%）的手稿拒绝率（McKercher等人，2007年）。另一方面，以清晰、逻辑和连贯的方式组织起来的手稿“使读者在整个作品中免于分散注意力的各种形式，并允许读者充分关注内容”（阿帕，2001，第二十三页）。在学术刊物上发表论文对定性研究人员来说尤其具有挑战性。不幸的是，许多人认为定性研究不如定量研究严格，因此，不太容易（Rocco，2003）。增加严谨性的一种方法，因此，出版机会是以清晰和逻辑的方式呈现定性实证研究的结果。因此，本文的目的是讨论报告定性实证研究的手稿的四个组成部分，以指导研究人员在发展一个逻辑和连贯的手稿。四个主要部分包括：（a）导言，（B）方法，（c）讨论，（d）影响。导言部分的目的是为研究提供框架或“为整个研究奠定基础”（Creswell，2003，第73页）。这个框架应该组织良好，逻辑性强，并鼓励读者进一步阅读，只包括几页手稿。为了实现这一目的，引言部分分为两个主要部分或子部分：研究问题和文献综述或框架（见图1）。研究问题研究问题小节引导读者从（a）问题的背景（B）到研究要解决的具体问题（c）指导研究的研究问题。
Publishing in scholarly journals is challenging due to a high manuscript rejection rate. One third of the rejection rate can be attributed to poor organization (McKercher, Law, Weber, Song, & Hsu, 2007). This paper discusses four components of reporting qualitative empirical studies to guide researchers in developing a logical manuscript. “Research is central to the development of any field of study” (Merriam & Simpson, 2000, p. 1). To contribute to a field of study, research needs to be presented at conferences or meetings and, ultimately, published in peer-reviewed journals to reach wider national and international audiences. Sharing research results with scholarly audiences is the final and focal point of research (American Psychological Association [APA], 2001). Publishing in scholarly journals also helps both experienced and novice researchers to establish and advance their academic careers, for example to receive promotions and achieve tenure-track positions (Chisholm, 2007). However, publishing in scholarly journals is a challenging and stressful process due to high, up to a 90%, manuscript rejection rate (McKercher et al., 2007). One of the core deficiencies in submissions that lead to such a high rejection rate is poor manuscript organization. Specifically, poor organization contributes to up to one third (34%) of the manuscript rejection rate (McKercher et al., 2007). On the other hand, manuscripts that are organized in a clear, logical, and coherent manner “spare readers a distracting variety of forms throughout a work and permit readers to give full attention to content” (APA, 2001, p. xxiii). Publishing in scholarly outlets is particularly challenging for qualitative researchers. Unfortunately, many perceive qualitative research as less rigorous than quantitative and, therefore, less publishable (Rocco, 2003). One way to increase rigor and, hence, publication chances is to present results of a qualitative empirical study in a clear and logical manner. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to discuss four components of manuscripts reporting qualitative empirical studies to guide researchers in the development of a logical and coherent manuscript. The four major components include: (a) introduction, (b) method, (c) discussion, and (d) implications. Introduction The purpose of the introduction section is to frame the study or to “set the stage for the entire study” (Creswell, 2003, p. 73). This frame should be well-organized and logical and challenge the readers to read further, comprising only a few pages of the manuscript. To accomplish this purpose, the introduction section is divided into two main parts or subsections: the research problem and a literature review or a framework (see Figure 1). Research Problem The research problem subsection guides the reader from (a) the background to a problem (b) through to the specific problem that the study is set to address to (c) research questions that guide the study.