Social Capital and Community Resilience
Social Capital and Community Resilience
复制标题
DOI：
10.1177/0002764214550299
复制
发表时间：
2015-02-01
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Meyer, Michelle A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Aldrich, Daniel P.;Meyer, Michelle A.
尽管灾难无处不在，人员伤亡和财政成本不断增加，但许多研究和政策仍然侧重于以物理基础设施为中心的方法来应对此类事件。国土安全部、美国联邦紧急事务管理署、美国国际开发署和英国国际开发部等政府组织继续投入巨资加固堤坝、加高现有房屋和修复受损设施，尽管有证据表明，社会基础设施而非物质基础设施推动了复原力。本文强调了社会资本和网络在灾难生存和恢复中的关键作用，并列出了有关这一主题的最新文献和证据。我们看看社会资本的定义，测量和代理，社会资本的类型，机制和应用。文章最后为灾害管理者、政府决策者和非政府组织提出了具体的政策建议，以通过加强社区层面的社会基础设施来提高对灾难的抵御能力。
Despite the ubiquity of disaster and the increasing toll in human lives and financial costs, much research and policy remain focused on physical infrastructure-centered approaches to such events. Governmental organizations such as the Department of Homeland Security, United States Federal Emergency Management Agency, United States Agency for International Development, and United Kingdom's Department for International Development continue to spend heavily on hardening levees, raising existing homes, and repairing damaged facilities despite evidence that social, not physical, infrastructure drives resilience. This article highlights the critical role of social capital and networks in disaster survival and recovery and lays out recent literature and evidence on the topic. We look at definitions of social capital, measurement and proxies, types of social capital, and mechanisms and application. The article concludes with concrete policy recommendations for disaster managers, government decision makers, and nongovernmental organizations for increasing resilience to catastrophe through strengthening social infrastructure at the community level.